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摘要
摘要
This book explains to the general reader the roles of chemistry in various areas of life ranging from the entirely personal to the worryingly global. These roles are currently not widely appreciated and certainly not well understood. The book is aimed at educated laypeople who want to know more about the world around them but have little chemical knowledge. The themes relate to the importance of chemistry in everyday life, the benefits they currently bring, and how their use can continue on a sustainable basis. Topics include: Health - conquering the diseases and stresses which still threaten us. Food - the role of agrochemicals and food chemists. Water - drinking water; the seas as a resource of raw materials. Fuels - what are they and from what are they made? Plastics - what are the used for and can they be sustainable? Cities - what role has chemistry in modern life? Sport - chemistry has changed the game. The world stands at a crossroads. What route to the future should we take? The road to a sustainable city beckons, but what effect will this have on chemistry, which appears so dependent on fossil resources? Its products are part of everyday living, and without them we could regress to the world of earlier generations when lives were blighted by disease, famines, dirt, and pain. In fact the industries based on chemistry the chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries could be sustainable and not only benefit those in the developed world but could be shared by everyone on this planet and for generations to come. This book shows how it might be achieved.
评论 (2)
Doody 图书评论
This book is about food, water, fuel, medicine, plastics, cities, and sports and the part that chemists will play in ensuring the future of these enterprises. Essentially, this relatively small book provokes thought about modern life that is surrounded by synthetic products that are in turn derived from fossil remains, e.g., petroleum base. It takes no prisoners in terms of its analysis of everything from pharmaceuticals to road fuels. John Emsley clearly believes our world stands at a crossroads in terms of our ability to properly use (and conserve) resources. He basically argues that the future will be determined by our understanding and preservation of scarce resources. This book is in line with the author's earlier contributions -- The Consumer's Good Chemical Guide: A Jargon-Free Guide to the Chemicals of Everyday Life, Molecules at an Exhibition: Portraits of Intriguing Materials in Everyday Life, Vanity, Vitality, and Virility: The Science Behind the Products You Love to Buy, and Better Looking, Better Living, Better Loving: How Chemistry Can Help You Achieve Life's Goals. In the truest sense, Dr. Emsley is an educator. It would be impossible to read his book in its entirety without learning something. His views are those of an informed chemist and an advocate for this discipline. Such a lively read should find an audience among the technically inclined as well as those who are less so disposed. If one uses Emsley's common sense frames as a guide, the book would appeal to those who wish to truly understand the implications of events such as bacterial resistance, swimming pool disease outbreaks, the role of homeopathy, and the appropriate use of automated dishwashers, along with a dozen other topics. This book deals with entities that are generally inherent in a developed lifestyle. It is inarguable that we are, indeed, dependent upon food, water, fuel, healing drugs, and plastics. Emsley challenges readers to examine the implication of their use in seven chapters: food and chemistry (fertilizers, pesticides and natural toxins); water and chemistry (water analysis, wastewater treatment, and extreme water); health and chemistry (obesity and multiple sclerosis); transport biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel and biohydrogen); plastics and chemistry (biopolymers, polyurethane, and extreme polymers); cities and chemistry (city of light, clean clothes); and sport and chemistry (performance-enhancing drugs and foods). Finally, Emsley plots out his notions of major developments along 7-, 17-, and 27-year timelines. I hope someone revisits this book at the 7-year point to see how things went. Fun! That's about what I have to say about this book -- lots of fun! There's been talk for years of how best to construct courses or discussionals on these topics. No group has all the answers: chemists can tell us what we might do but don't always understand the policy implications; policymakers, on the other hand, rarely come at technical problems with much more than a recent briefing by staff. This little book actually does a lot of both. It clarifies, explains, and sometimes posits a useful course. Professor David Garner (Nottingham) congratulates Emsley on "providing an informed and objective account of chemicals." I agree. J. Thoma. Pierce, MBB. PhD(Navy Environmental Health Center). Copyright 2011, Doody Enterprises, Inc.
Choice 评论
Chemist and popular science writer Emsley has produced another winner in his series of books on science and chemistry for the general public. He describes the influence of chemistry and chemicals on the current world and culture along with how they can help achieve a greener, sustainable planet. Along the way, Emsley discusses the pros and cons (many of them urban myths) of chemicals, risks, and the optimal ways of greening (what seems green may actually not be). In addition to the text discussions, 17 "Common Sense" sidebars succinctly judge commonly held beliefs as correct, possible, or wrong (the usual). Seven chapters discuss chemistry as it relates to food, water, health, biofuels, plastics/polymers, cities, and sports, providing both information and corrections of misinformation. The author also includes predictions for 7, 17, and 27 years hence for each chapter topic. An extensive glossary (of text terms shown in boldface), resources for further reading, and a good index supplement the text. A useful work for the general public, high school students, college students in general chemistry or environmental science courses, as well as those in government, journalism, and regulation. Summing Up: Recommended. All readership levels. R. E. Buntrock formerly, University of Maine
目录
Acknowledgements | p. xviii |
Chapter 1 Food and Chemistry | p. 1 |
1.1 Fertilisers | p. 3 |
1.2 Pesticides | p. 7 |
1.3 Food Additives | p. 12 |
1.3.1 Preservatives | p. 12 |
1.3.2 Colorants | p. 15 |
1.4 Neutraceuticals and Functional Foods | p. 17 |
1.5 Natural Toxins and Natural Detoxing | p. 22 |
1.6 Food Fraud and Food Forensics | p. 24 |
Chapter 2 Water and Chemistry | p. 30 |
2.1 Drinking Water | p. 32 |
2.2 Let Chemists do the Washing-Up | p. 38 |
2.3 Water Analysis | p. 41 |
2.4 Wastewater Treatment | p. 44 |
2.5 Water for Irrigation | p. 46 |
2.6 Seawater | p. 48 |
2.7 Extreme Water | p. 51 |
Chapter 3 Health and Chemistry | p. 54 |
3.1 Sleeping Pills | p. 55 |
3.2 Obesity | p. 59 |
3.3 Flu | p. 61 |
3.4 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | p. 64 |
3.5 Infections | p. 66 |
3.6 Chemotherapy | p. 70 |
3.7 Asthma | p. 73 |
Chapter 4 Transport Biofuels and Chemistry | p. 78 |
4.1 Bioethanol | p. 82 |
4.2 Biodiesel | p. 86 |
4.3 Biobutanol | p. 91 |
4.4 Biogasoline (aka Biopetrol) | p. 92 |
4.5 Biomethanol | p. 94 |
4.6 Biomethane (biogas) | p. 95 |
4.7 Biohydrogen | p. 96 |
Chapter 5 Plastics and Chemistry | p. 102 |
5.1 Biopolymers | p. 105 |
5.2 Polyethylene (aka Polythene, PE) and Polypropylene (PP) | p. 111 |
5.3 Polyvinyl Chloride (aka Vinyl and PVC) | p. 113 |
5.4 Polyester (aka Polyethylene Terephthalate, and PET) | p. 114 |
5.5 Polystyrene (PS) | p. 116 |
5.6 Polyurethanes (PU) | p. 117 |
5.7 Extreme Polymers | p. 119 |
Chapter 6 Cities and Chemistry | p. 126 |
6.1 City of Light | p. 127 |
6.2 Cosy City | p. 129 |
6.3 City of Glass | p. 131 |
6.4 The City and the Sun | p. 134 |
6.5 Informing Citizens: Pictures and Moving Images | p. 139 |
6.6 Clean Clothes | p. 143 |
6.7 Clean Citizens | p. 146 |
Chapter 7 Sport and Chemistry | p. 149 |
7.1 Sports Equipment | p. 149 |
7.2 Sporting Apparel | p. 153 |
7.3 Arenas | p. 155 |
7.4 Performance-Enhancing Drugs | p. 158 |
7.5 Performance-Enhancing Foods | p. 164 |
7.6 Formula 1 (F1) | p. 167 |
7.7 Horse Doping | p. 171 |
Something to Think About: What Can We Expect in 7, 17 and 27 Years Time? | p. 175 |
Glossary | p. 178 |
Sources and Further Reading | p. 196 |
Subject Index | p. 201 |