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摘要
摘要
How frequently do women experience sexist discrimination? Is it widespread or concentrated in specific populations? Does sexism have any effect on womenÆs mental or physical health? How can we measure the impact of sexism, both blatant and subtle, on women exposed to it? In Discrimination Against Women, authors Hope Landrine and Elizabeth A. Klonoff offer the first empirically validated scale for measuring the health effects of sexism and present their findings from using the scale on a large sample of women they surveyed. The authors report on their studies assessing the frequency of discrimination against women and examining the physical and mental health impact of that discrimination. They found both that sexist discrimination is rampant in America and that it contributes significantly to physical and psychiatric symptoms among women. To make their scientific findings more accessible across disciplines and professions, the authors have included contributions from leading psychologists on what women can do about discrimination in their lives. They then present a review of the laws regarding discrimination against women to provide women with basic information on the legal status of discrimination suits. An appendix offers a guide through the methodological issues underlying the authorÆs sexism scale and findings and provides a primer for readers unfamiliar with scientific research and statistics. This volume is ideally suited to inform clinical workers and trainers, deepen discussions in womenÆs studies, and enrich the perspectives of professionals who work with women and those who establish policies that have an effect on them.
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By constructing a theoretical model and using proven research methods (as well as designing a scale to measure the effects of sexism on women's health), Landrine and Klonoff establish that sex discrimination in the US is widespread and that even subtle discrimination can seriously affect women's mental and physical health by causing stress. The authors demonstrate that discrimination based on sex is the single best predictor of physical and psychiatric symptoms when compared to generic stress, such as losing a job or moving, because women have less control over sex discrimination and it is demeaning. They analyze the effect of a woman's age, ethnicity, and other status characteristics on their symptoms. Younger women experience more discrimination, with the exception of discrimination at work, which is reported more frequently by older women. Women of color, especially Asian women and Latinas, report discrimination in close, personal relationships. Unmarried women report more discrimination than the married, although the variables of age, marital state, and ethnicity may be related in complex ways. The authors investigate what women can do to combat discrimination: legally; through counseling; through collective action; and through self-improvement and individual strategies. Finally, they make policy recommendations that include recognition of the widespread existence of subtle discrimination and its consequences for women, continued support of affirmative action, and encouragement of feminism. All levels. M. M. Denny; St. Joseph College
目录
Part 1 Prevalence And Consequences Of Sexist Discrimination |
Introduction |
Discrimination against Women |
Measuring Sexist Discrimination |
The Schedule of Sexist Events |
Social Status Differences in Experiencing Sexist Discrimination |
Physical and Psychiatric Correlates of Sexist Discrimination |
Replication and Extension of the Schedule of Sexist Events |
Appraisal v Frequency of Discrimination in Women's Symptoms |
Theoretical Model and Interim Summary |
Part 2 Remedies For Sexist Discrimination |
Coping with Sexist DiscriminationPhyllis Bronstein |
Toward Recovery and Resistance |
Individual and Collective ActionBernice Lott and Lisa Rocchio |
Social Approaches and Remedies for Sexist Discrimination |
Part 3 The Law And Sexist Discrimination |
Legal Approaches to Sex DiscriminationLynne Wurzburg and Robert H Klonoff |