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摘要
摘要
This first comprehensive work on women in precolumbian American cultures describes gender roles and relationships in North, Central, and South America from 12,000 B.C. to the 1500s A.D. Utilizing many key archaeological works, Karen Olsen Bruhns and Karen E. Stothert redress some of the long-standing male bias in writing about ancient Native American lifeways.
Bruhns and Stothert focus on several of the most thought-provoking areas of study in the Americas: the origins of agriculture, the development of complex societies, the evolution of religious systems, and the interpretation of art and mortuary materials. The authors pay particular attention to the problems of interpreting archaeological remains and the uses of historic and ethnographic evidence in reconstructing the past.
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Women in Ancient America is a reasonable introductory work for general readers without access to primary archaeological or ethnographic studies examining the role of women in social and historical context. Bruhns and Stothert have produced the text as an outgrowth of their courses in the "archaeology of gender." However, students will be frustrated by its lack of footnotes (a review of literature used for each chapter is included in the back of the book) and by the sometimes problematic or inconsistent use of language. The glossary must be used to identify certain cultural groups mentioned, and the book would have benefited from more careful editing. Oddly, the term "ladies" is used interchangeably with "women." Jean Aul is mentioned several times, though Marija Gimbutas is alluded to only in a passing swat at the "goddess movement." A book published in 1999 should mention alternative theories of migration to the Americas and problematize the term "berdache." A well-documented report of recent "engendered" archaeological investigations and their implications for the field of archaeology in general and an expanded understanding of women in society in specific might have been more useful for classroom use. As it is, the writers give surprisingly little attention to the critical and theoretical thinking to be derived from an engendered approach to prehistory. L. De Danaan; Evergreen State College