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摘要
摘要
Despite Korea, despite Vietnam, despite a dozen smaller conflicts, a generation of Americans refers to World War II simply as "the War." Indeed, there has been nothing like it in human history: a single war that spanned three continents--a war which saw more men and women under arms, more deaths, and more destruction than any other. Now Oxford University Press provides the definitive one-volume reference to this cataclysmic event.
The Oxford Companion to World War II brings together an international team of 140 experts to cover every aspect of the conduct and experience of the conflict, from grand strategic decisionmaking to the struggles of daily life. More than 1,700 entries--ranging from brief identifications to in-depth articles on complex subjects--bring the far-flung elements and events of the war into focus. Here are essays on overarching themes and broad topics, such as the origins of the war, diplomacy, the Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere, and the Final Solution. Military campaigns and battles, of course, receive extensive attention: entries include the Fall of France, Operation Barbarossa, and the Battle of Midway, as well as such smaller events as the sinking of the Scharnhorst and the fall of Wake Island. Scores of analytical biographies range from the national leaders--Hitler, Stalin, Tojo, Roosevelt, Churchill--to an array of military and political figures, from Dietrich Bonhoeffer to Ho Chi Minh, from Marshal Timoshenko to General von Manstein. World War II was also an era of technological leaps, covert exploits, and horrific atrocities--and the Companion gives thorough coverage to each, with articles on weapons ranging from tanks to E-boats to rockets, on intelligence organizations (ranging from the O.S.S. to Smersh), and on the German Einstatzgruppen and Todt organization.
The Companion also provides exceptional coverage beyond the military and political spheres, revealing the war as it affected the millions of noncombatants. In addition to exploring the economics and social policies of belligerent states, the Companion addresses such topics as children--explaining how hundreds of thousands were evacuated from threatened cities, thrown into combat, killed by bombing raids, or made into orphans. Indeed, the Companion's emphasis on the social history and daily experience of the war makes it the most complete one-volume reference on this critical chapter in history.
In addition to thousands of entries, conveniently arranged in an a-to-z format, the book also features hundreds of maps, charts, tables, and evocative photographs. There is no finer resource on the war that shaped the modern world.
Features
* More than 1,750 entries ranging from brief identifications to in-depth articles
* More than 140 leading international experts have contributed, including David Kennedy, Martin Gilbert, Robert Dallek, Yogi Akashi, Ben-Ami Shillony, Heinz-Dietrich Lowe, Norman Davies, Wilhelm Diest, and many more
* Massively illustrated with more than 100 evocative photographs and supplemented by 100 maps, thirty diagrams, and over 170 tables, charts and graphs
* Articles on every aspect of the war, including:
--surveys of countries, from economics to politics to military structure
--portraits of wartime leaders, including generals, admirals, political figures, and heads of state
--military campaigns and battles, from the Doolittle Raid to Operation Overlord, from Kassarine Pass to the Warsaw Uprising
--intelligence organizations and exploits, from the Abwehr to Smersh, from codebreaking to commando raids
--military technology, ranging from submarines to aircraft carriers, from fighter planes to V-1 and V-2 missiles, from the Enigma machine to radar
* In-depth coverage of the social aspects of the war, such as the role of women, children, war production, and life under occupation
评论 (2)
《书目》(Booklist)书评
This compendium was issued in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of World War II. Several other one-volume encyclopedias treat this topic: The Simon & Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II (1978), The Historical Guide to World War II (Greenwood, 1983), The Dictionary of the Second World War (Bedrick, 1990), and World War II: America at War, 1941-1945 [RBB Ja 15 92]. The last-named book is closest in coverage to Oxford but was criticized for its American viewpoint. This new work has more than 1,700 alphabetically arranged entries. More than 160 scholars contributed to the volume, most from universities in Britain. Entries range from 50 words to almost 30 pages on major countries. Almost every aspect of the war is covered, including its effect on civilians. Children discuss the war's impact on children in many nations. Lengthy essays cover Women at War and Religion. The many biographical entries include both political and military persons. By far the most exhaustive essays are reserved for countries, all of which have standard subsections such as "Domestic Life, Economy, and War Effort" and "Government." The entry for the U.S. includes 27 pages of text and eight statistical tables. Briefer entries treat countries that were neutral during the war, for example, Sweden and Turkey. In addition to statistics within entries, there are special tables accompanying articles. Unfortunately there is no index or table of contents for these tables. Cross-references within entries are noted by asterisks; there are limited see also references at the ends of articles. Like other Oxford companions, there is no index. More than 100 line-drawn maps provide battle information as well as sites of death and concentration camps and the Manhattan Project. A separate section of color maps shows territorial changes between 1939 and 1945, the British and French empires, and other themes. A chronology begins in 1931 with Japanese troops occupying Manchuria and lists events under five geographic regions to the formal surrender of the Japanese on September 2, 1945. A list of place-name changes shows current and wartime names (e.g., Gdansk and Danzig). Other titles give more detailed coverage of specific aspects of this period in history, for example, The D-Day Encyclopedia [RBB Ja 1 94] and the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust [RBB Mr 1 90]. But The Oxford Companion to World War II is an excellent overview for public and academic libraries that need to supplement other works in their reference collections. (Reviewed August 1995)
Choice 评论
Of the many fine encyclopedic works about WW II to appear since the 1970s, this is among the best. The editors have written extensively and compiled reference works on military history. Contributors include such scholars as Ian Hogg (author with Bryan Perrett of Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 1989). The other 150 contributors, representing expertise in all theaters, provide some 1,700 entries that range from brief identification to in-depth articles. Coverage is comprehensive, including military campaigns, battles, biographies of leading figures, diplomacy, the home front, and of particular note, the effect of the war on noncombatants. Economic and social experiences of the participants are discussed at length (e.g., "African Americans at War," "Women at War"). Entries are alphabetically arranged, include cross-references, and in the case of more substantial entries are followed by bibliographies. Maps, charts, graphs, and photographs are found throughout, and there is a set of maps in color. Small libraries that hold the Hogg dictionary, Elizabeth-Anne Wheal's A Dictionary of the Second World War (CH, Jan'91), L.L. Snyder's Historical Guide to World War II (CH, Jun'83), or Historical Encyclopedia of World War II, ed. by Marcel Baudot (CH, Mar'81), will not need this book, but those holding only earlier publications should add it as a supplement. It will become the standard one-volume encyclopedia of WW II. Public libraries and medium-sized or larger college libraries. M. J. Haeuser; Gustavus Adolphus College