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摘要
摘要
Of all the world's early civilizations, it was ancient Egypt that fostered the closest relationship with the animal world. All aspects of life, both secular and sacred, gave prominent place to man's vital involvement with living creatures of every kind. Peasant and craftsman, ruler and priest treated animals not as mere utilitarian objects, but as symbols of creation equal in the hierarchy of life to humans themselves and closely tied both to everyday existence and to the realm of the gods.
The magnificent photographs in this volume show the incomparable richness of the Pharaonic fauna in all forms of artistic expression -- painting, sculpture, relief carving, architectural ornamentation, and even in hieroglyphs. They range from astonishing realism in the depiction of birds and beasts, both wild and domesticated, useful and harmful, with which the people of the Nile Valley came into daily contact, to hieratic stylization in portraying the pantheon of animal-headed gods and the sacred and fabulous creatures that inhabited their devotional, funerary and magic world.
The scholarly descriptions and informative captions that accompany this amazing bestiary place each animal depicted in its proper context in relation to man, to the environment, and to the gods. From geese to monkeys, crocodiles to scorpions, the list is virtually endless, while the superb artistry and extraordinary range of the subject matter will open the eyes of Egyptologists and naturalists alike to a subject that has never previously been so superbly displayed and explained.
评论 (3)
出版社周刊评论
Philippe Germond, a professor of Egyptology at the University of Geneva, has created An Egyptian Bestiary, highlighting, in 280 lavish color illustrations, the Egyptian perception of animals as representations of divine creativity, from the secular and mundane world of craftsmen to the sacred realm of priests, pharaohs and gods. The ancient Nile Valley boasted a diverse, sometimes bothersome and even dangerous array of wildlife and domesticated animals. Though the Egyptians used animals for labor and nourishment, they also viewed them as "the visible signs of primeval forces that it was necessary... to propitiate." (Nov.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Choice 评论
Excellent animal art photography in color makes this an irresistible coffee-table book, even for children. Some knowledge of Egypt is required to understand the picture labels identifying lesser-known sites of striking work. Very erudite on the archaeology of actual wild and domestic animals in Egypt since the end of the Ice Age (8000 BCE), the book offers references to real and fabulous beasts in famous and lesser-known texts, the current state of fauna and its place in or out of society, and depictions of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Two good charts describe Egyptian political history and sites, characteristics, and creatures associated with gods and goddesses. The bibliography advises what Europeans read on animals in these ancient masterpieces. Although this culture personified evil through animals and versions of the myths (Roman) expose a never-ending battle between the forces of Horus the falcon (farming) and Seth the monster (desert), by far the impression most given by the animals' representations is cheerfulness, self-satisfaction, pride, and contentment of respected beings. Germond (Univ. of Geneva) is aware of passages of extraordinary art but does not here describe the nature of Egypt's peculiar stylization of nature nor the subtle differences from severe to rich that occur through its 3000 years. General readers; lower-division undergraduates through professionals. E. L. Anderson formerly, Lansing Community College
《图书馆杂志》(Library Journal )书评
Animal-headed gods, scarab beetles, mummified cats, crocodiles, and bulls are ubiquitous in Egyptian life. An amazing number of birds, monkeys, fish, and insects can be easily identified from their detailed portrayals in tomb reliefs, sculpture, or manuscripts. In addition to the animals they encountered in their daily lives, Egyptians worshiped a large, mostly animal-headed pantheon ("Who was that baboon-headed god, anyway?"). Mirroring the distinction in Egyptian life, Germond (Egyptology, Univ. of Geneva) divides the book into the secular and sacred sections. Within those sections, he groups animals by species, discussing waterfowl in one section and ibis-headed gods in another. It is Livet's photographs, though, that grab the reader. Most are life-sized, with meticulous and stunning detail. For the quality of the illustrations alone, the book is a worthy addition to most collections; Germond's text raises it to the level of a critical addition to any but the most limited of Egyptian collections. And the baboon-headed god is usually Thoth, patron of writers. Mary Morgan Smith, Northland P.L., Pittsburgh (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
目录
Foreword | p. 7 |
Introduction | p. 11 |
The creation and origins of life according to ancient Egyptian sources | p. 11 |
Magico-religious beliefs in ancient Egypt and the perception of the natural world | p. 13 |
The fauna of the pharaonic period: origins and evolution | p. 18 |
The Secular World: Animals in Association with Man | p. 37 |
Animals as a human resource | p. 39 |
Hunting and fishing | p. 39 |
Livestock breeding | p. 48 |
Cattle | p. 55 |
Sheep and Goats | p. 59 |
Donkeys | p. 62 |
Pigs | p. 62 |
Poultry | p. 64 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 68 |
Animals as human companions | p. 71 |
Dogs | p. 71 |
Cats | p. 75 |
Horses | p. 78 |
Monkeys | p. 87 |
Unusual companions | p. 90 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 92 |
Animals in competition with man | p. 95 |
The semi-desert regions | p. 96 |
The marshlands | p. 98 |
The cultivated regions | p. 101 |
Animals in writing | p. 107 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 114 |
The Sacred World: Animals as Representatives and Repositories of the Gods | p. 119 |
The Pantheon | p. 121 |
Ram-headed gods | p. 124 |
Bull-and cow-headed gods | p. 124 |
Lion-and cat-headed gods | p. 126 |
Dog-headed gods | p. 131 |
Bird-headed gods | p. 132 |
Falcon-headed | p. 132 |
Ibis-headed | p. 135 |
Other gods | p. 136 |
Hippopotamus-headed | p. 136 |
Crocodile-headed | p. 136 |
Frog-headed | p. 137 |
Fanciful-headed | p. 140 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 142 |
Sacred animals | p. 145 |
Sheep and goats | p. 150 |
Cattle | p. 150 |
The Apis bull | p. 150 |
Cows | p. 154 |
Felines | p. 154 |
Lions and lionesses | p. 154 |
Cats | p. 157 |
Dogs | p. 159 |
Monkeys | p. 163 |
Birds | p. 166 |
Falcons | p. 166 |
Ibises | p. 166 |
Vultures | p. 166 |
The phoenix | p. 169 |
Other birds | p. 169 |
Water and marshland creatures | p. 172 |
Hippopotomi | p. 172 |
Crocodiles | p. 172 |
Frogs | p. 174 |
Fish | p. 174 |
Snakes | p. 177 |
Scorpions | p. 178 |
Mongooses and shrews | p. 178 |
Insects | p. 180 |
The sacred scarab | p. 180 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 184 |
The funerary, magic and mythical world | p. 191 |
Documentary illustrations | p. 206 |
Animals and humour | p. 210 |
Appendixes | |
Principal gods and their animal associations | p. 212 |
Outline chronology | p. 217 |
Select bibliography | p. 220 |
Index of sites and collections | p. 222 |
Illustration credits | p. 224 |