No separate refuge : culture, class, and gender on an Anglo-Hispanic frontier in the American Southwest, 1880-1940

Long after the Mexican-American War brought the Southwest under the United States flag, Anglos and Hispanics within the region continued to struggle for dominion. From the arrival of railroads through the height of the New Deal, Sarah Deutsch explores the cultural and economic strategies of Anglos and Hispanics as they competed for territory, resources, and power, and examines the impact this struggle had on Hispanic work, community, and gender patterns. Based on an award winning dissertation, this book analyzes the intersection of culture, class, and gender at disparate sites on the Anglo-Hispanic frontier--Hispanic villages, coal mining towns, and sugar beet districts in Colorado and New Mexico--showing that throughout the region there existed a vast network of migrants, linked by common experience and by kinship. Devoting particular attention to the role of women in cross-cultural interaction, No Separate Refuge brings to light 80 years of Southwestern history that saw Hispanic work transformed, community patterns shifted, and gender roles critically altered. Drawing on personal interviews, school census and missionary records, private letters, and a wealth of other records, Deutsch traces developments from one state to the next, and from one decade to the next, providing an important contribution to the history of the Southwest, race relations, labor, agriculture, women, and Chicanos.

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Rarely are regional studies as successful in addressing broader historical questions as Deutsch's examination of the Hispanic community in northern New Mexico and Colorado from 1880 to 1940. When the relative self-sufficiency and autonomy of Hispanic villages was undermined by the arrival of railroads and the Anglo population they brought, the Spanish-Americans adjusted by developing a regional network that eventually extended into northern Colorado. Wages earned by seasonal migrant workers came back to the village base. Missionary educational efforts, regimentation in company towns, and structural discrimination outside them failed to produce the desired ``Americanization.'' Anglo economic and political domination and the effects of the depression, however, did largely break down Hispanic cultural autonomy and transformed most of the former villagers into a marginal and distinct manual-labor class. In the process of describing the dynamics of an evolving strategy of adjustment, Deutsch provides fresh insights and demolishes stereotypes, particularly illuminating the central role of women in Hispanic village life. An innovative and expert blend of social and regional history, the book is solidly based on an unusually broad range of sources. Public and academic libraries.-V.H. Rabe, SUNY College at Geneseo

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