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摘要
摘要
The book focuses on geological history as the critical factor in determining the present biodiversity and landscapes of Amazonia. The different driving mechanisms for landscape evolution are explored by reviewing the history of the Amazonian Craton, the associated sedimentary basins, and the role of mountain uplift and climate change.
This book provdes an insight into the Meso- and Cenozoic record of Amazonia that was characterized by fluvial and long-lived lake systems and a highly diverse flora and fauna. This fauna includes giants such as the ca. 12 m long caiman Purussaurus, but also a varied fish fauna and fragile molluscs, whilst fossil pollen and spores form relics of ancestral swamps and rainforests.
Finally, a review the molecular datasets of the modern Amazonian rainforest and aquatic ecosystem, discussing the possible relations between the origin of Amazonian species diversity and the palaeogeographic, palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental evolution of northern South America. The multidisciplinary approach in evaluating the history of Amazonia has resulted in a comprehensive volume that provides novel insights into the evolution of this region.
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This volume celebrates the research influence of Thomas van der Hammen, a Dutch scholar who has worked in Colombia since 1951 on Amazonian geology, paleoclimate, ecology, and conservation. The work's 24 main chapters cover five broad topics. These topics discuss the geological underpinnings of Amazonia, from Paleozoic through Pleistocene, concentrating on tectonic history; the development of the Amazonian landscape and its riverine systems, especially in the past 15 million years; the evolution of climate in the Amazon Basin over the same time period, but focusing on the later Pleistocene and modern day; reviews of the fossil record of northern South America since 30-20 million years ago (Ma)--terrestrial and aquatic, vertebrate, invertebrate and botanical; and investigations of the phylogeny, species diversity, and biogeography of the modern Amazonian flora and vertebrate fauna. A final, brief chapter coordinated by the editors summarizes the major findings, including the presence of near-modern river systems and rainforests by 7 Ma when diverse aquatic and terrestrial faunas existed in the western part of the Basin; most modern lineages were well in place before 2 Ma, and the succeeding climatic changes saw distribution shifts but not major diversification. Summing Up: Recommended. Academic audiences, upper-division undergraduates and above. E. Delson CUNY Herbert H. Lehman College
目录
DedicationThomas van der Hammen |
List of Contributors |
PrologueThomas van der Hammen |
1 Introduction: Amazonia, landscape and species evolutionCarina Hoorn and Frank P. Wesselingh |
Part I Tectonic processes as driving mechanisms for palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental evolution in Amazonia |
2 Geological evolution of the Amazonian CratonSalomon B. Kroonenberg and Emond W.F. de Roever |
3 The Paleozoic Solimões and Amazonas basins and the Acre foreland basin of BrazilJoaquim Ribeiro Wanderley-Filho and Jaime Fernandes Eiras and Paulo Roberto da Cruz Cunha and Paulus H. van der Ven |
4 Tectonic history of the Andes and sub-Andean zones: implications for the development of the Amazon drainage basinAndres Mora and Patrice Baby and Martin Roddaz and Mauricio Parra and Stéphane Brusset and Wilber Hermoza and Nicolas Espurt |
5 Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Amazonian foreland basin systemMartin Roddaz and Wilber Hermoza and Andres Mora and Patrice Baby and Mauricio Parra and Frédéric Christophoul and Stéphane Brusset and Nicolas Espurt |
6 The Nazca Ridge and uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: implications for regional geology in northern South AmericaNicolas Espurt and Patrice Baby and Stéphane Brusset and Martin Roddaz and Wilber Hermoza and Jocelyn Barbarand |
Part II Cenozoic depositional systems in Amazonia |
7 The Amazonian Craton and its influence on past fluvial systems (Mesozoic-Cenozoic, Amazonia)Carina Hoorn and Martin Roddaz and Rodolfo Dino and Emilio Soares and Cornelius Uba and Diana Ochoa-Lozano and Russell Mapes |
8 The development of the Amazonian mega-wetland (Miocene Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia)Carina Hoorn and Frank P. Wesselingh and Jussi Hovikoski and Javier Guerrero |
9 Marine influence in Amazonia: evidence from the geological recordJussi Hovikoski and Frank P. Wesselingh and Matti Räsänen and Murray Gingras and Hubert B. Vonhof |
10 Megafan environments in northern South America and their impact on Amazon Neogene aquatic ecosystemsM. Justin Wilkinson and Larry G. Marshall and John G. Lundberg and Mikhail H. Kreslavsky |
11 Long-term landscape development processes in AmazoniaGeorg Irion and Risto Kalliola |
Part III Amazonian climate, past and present |
12 Climate variation in Amazonia during the Neogene and the QuaternaryHubert B. Vonhof and Ron J. G. Kaandorp |
13 Modelling the response of Amazonian climate to the uplift of the Andean mountain rangePierre Sepulchre and Lisa C. Sloan and Frédéric Fluteau |
14 Modern Andean rainfall variation during ENSO cycles and its impact on the Amazon drainage basinBodo Bookhagen and Manfred R. Strecker |
Part IV Cenozoic development of terrestrial and aquatic biota: insights from the fossil record |
15 A review of Tertiary mammal faunas and birds from western AmazoniaFrancisco Ricardo Negri and Jean Bocquentin-Villanueva and Jorge Ferigolo and Pierre-Olivier Antoine |
16 Neogene crocodile and turtle fauna in northern South AmericaDouglas Riff and Pedro Seyferth R. Romano and Gustavo Ribeiro Oliveira and Orangel A. Aguilera |
17 The Amazonian Neogene fish faunaJohn G. Lundberg and Mark H. Sabaj Pérez and Wasila M. Dahdul and Orangel A. Aguilera |
18 Amazonian aquatic invertebrate faunas (Mollusca, Ostracoda) and their development over the past 30 million yearsFrank P. Wesselingh and Maria-Inês F. Ramos |
19 The origin of the modern Amazon rainforest: implications of the palynological and palaeobotanical recordCarlos Jaramillo and Carina Hoorn and Silane A. F. Silva and Fatima Leite and Fabiany Herrera and Luis Quiroz and Rodolfo Dino and Luzia Antonioli |
20 Biotic development of Quaternary Amazonia: a palynological perspectiveHermann Behling and Mark Bush and Henry Hooghiemstra |
Part V Modern perspectives on the origin of Amazonian biota |
21 Contribution of current and historical processes to patterns of tree diversity and composition of the Amazon (Hanster Steege ATDN (Amazon Tree Diversity Network: collective author) and RAINFOR (The Amazon Forest Inventory Network: collective author) |
22 Composition and diversity of northwestern Amazonian rainforests in a geoecological contextJoost F. Duivenvoorden and Alvaro J. Duque |
23 Diversifi cation of the Amazonian flora and its relation to key geological and environmental events: a molecular perspectiveR. Toby Pennington and Christopher W. Dick |
24 Molecular studies and phylogeography of Amazonian tetrapods and their relation to geological and climatic modelsAlexandre Antonelli and Adrián Quijada-Mascareñas and Andrew J. Crawford and John M. Bates and Paúl M. Velazco and Wolfgang Wüster |
25 Molecular signatures of Neogene biogeographical events in the Amazon fish faunaNathan R. Lovejoy and Stuart C. Willis and James S. Albert |
Part VI Synthesis |
26 On the origin of Amazonian landscapes and biodiversity: a synthesisFrank P. Wesselingh and Carina Hoorn and Salomon B. Kroonenberg and Alexandre Antonelli and John G. Lundberg and Hubert B. Vonhof and Henry Hooghiemstra |
Index |
Color plate section is found facing |
Companion website for this book: www.wiley.com/go/hoorn/amazonia |