Radiation from medical procedures in the pathogenesis of cancer and ischemic heart disease : dose-response studies with physicians per 100,000 population

TITLE_DISPLAY:

个人著者:

Gofman, John W.

出版信息:

San Francisco, Calif. : C.N.R. Book Division, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, 1999.

格式:

图书

物理描述:

viii, 699 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.

主题词汇:

Cancer -- Treatment.

Cancer -- Radiotherapy.

Tumors -- Treatment.

Radiation -- Dosage.

Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy -- Complications.

Coronary heart disease -- Treatment.

Neoplasms -- mortality -- United States.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation -- United States.

Myocardial Ischemia -- etiology -- United States.

Myocardial Ischemia -- mortality -- United States.

Neoplasms -- etiology -- United States.

Radiography -- adverse effects -- United States.

附加著者:

O'Connor, Egan.

附加团体著者:

Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, Inc.

ISBN:

9780932682970

9780932682987

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Medical X-rays, including fluoroscopy and CT scans, are a major cause of both cancer and coronary heart disease, according to this new study. This reader-friendly work uses no complex statistical operations. It shows each step between raw data and conclusions, and defines basic terms and concepts. Startling conclusions are supported by detailed reviews of medical studies from the 1940s through the 1990s. The author recommends X-ray procedures at much lower dosage levels. Includes a booklet summarizing conclusions of the study. The author is a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California-Berkeley, and has investigated the effects of medical X- rays since the 1960s. Paper edition (unseen), $27. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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Renowned nuclear physics scholar Gofman (emeritus, Univ. of California, Berkeley), author of several books on heart disease and the effects of radiation on human health, combines these two areas to offer convincing statistical evidence of the deleterious effects of medical procedures that use ionizing radiation (i.e., X-rays) as a causative factor in both cancer and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the US. There are six sections: introduction; cancer mortality caused by medical radiation; noncancer and non-IHD mortality (i.e., strokes, diabetes, hypertension); IHD and medical radiation; cancer and IHD mortality after 1940 from medical radiation; analysis of a hypothesis that medical regimens using radiation contribute to cancer and IHD mortality in the US. The overall theme is the contention that even very low doses of ionizing radiation may be a contributing risk factor in the development of different forms of cancer and death from IHD. The reader will appreciate the various appendixes with their wealth of supplemental information as well as the alphabetically arranged, up-to-date reference list enabling the reader to pursue any topic. A work especially for professionals concerned about the effects of medically induced exposure to ionizing radiation, even at low doses and rates, on human health. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals; two-year technical program students. H. S. Pitkow; Temple University

Section 1 Orientation, Materials, Methods
Introduction	p. 1
Abstract	p. 5
Chap. 1 Executive Summary of This Book	p. 7
Chap. 2 Pre-1960 and Post-1960 Uses of Medical Radiation, and Its Carcinogenic Action	p. 27
Chap. 3 PhysPops---The Doses in Some Massive Studies of Dose-Response	p. 53
Chap. 4 Mortality Rates---The Responses in the Dose-Response Studies	p. 77
Chap. 5 Dose-Response, Linear Regression, and Some Other Key Concepts in Our Analyses	p. 89
Section 2 Cancer Mortality: Evidence that Medical Radiation Became a Principal Cause by 1940
Chap. 6 All-Cancers-Combined, Males: Relation with Medical Radiation	p. 107
Chap. 7 All-Cancers-Combined, Females: Relation with Medical Radiation	p. 119
Chap. 8 Breast Cancer, Females	p. 125
Chap. 9 Digestive-System Cancers, Males	p. 131
Chap. 10 Digestive-System Cancers, Females	p. 137
Chap. 11 Urinary-System Cancers, Males	p. 143
Chap. 12 Urinary-System Cancers, Females	p. 149
Chap. 13 Genital Cancers, Males	p. 155
Chap. 14 Genital Cancers, Females	p. 161
Chap. 15 Buccal-Cavity and Pharynx Cancers, Males	p. 169
Chap. 16 Respiratory-System Cancers, Males	p. 175
Chap. 17 Respiratory-System Cancers, Females	p. 181
Chap. 18 "Difference" Cancers (All-minus-Respiratory), Males	p. 187
Chap. 19 "Difference" Cancers (All-minus-Respiratory), Females	p. 193
Chap. 20 All-Cancer-Except-Genital-Cancer	p. 199
Chap. 21 All-Cancer Except (Genital + Respiratory)	p. 205
Chap. 22 Summarized Results of Chapters 6 - 21, and Discussion	p. 209
Section 3 NonCancer NonIHD Mortality: Inverse Dose-Response with Medical Radiation
Chap. 23 All Causes of Death Combined: Relation with Medical Radiation	p. 223
Chap. 24 All Causes of Death Except Cancer	p. 229
Chap. 25 All Causes of Death Except (Cancer + Ischemic Heart Disease)	p. 233
Chap. 26 Appendicitis, Deaths	p. 238
Chap. 27 CNS Vascular-Lesions (Strokes), Deaths	p. 241
Chap. 28 Chronic Nephritis, Deaths	p. 244
Chap. 29 Diabetes Mellitus, Deaths	p. 247
Chap. 30 Hypertensive Disease, Deaths	p. 250
Chap. 31 Influenza and Pneumonia, Deaths	p. 253
Chap. 32 Fatal Motor-Vehicle Accidents	p. 256
Chap. 33 Other Fatal Accidents	p. 259
Chap. 34 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease	p. 262
Chap. 35 Syphilis and Sequelae, Deaths	p. 265
Chap. 36 Tuberculosis, Deaths	p. 267
Chap. 37 Ulcer of Stomach and Duodenum, Deaths	p. 270
Chap. 38 Summary on NonCancer NonIHD Results: Facts "Demanding" an Explanation	p. 272
Section 4 Ischemic Heart Disease: Evidence that Medical Radiation Became an Important Cause by 1950
Chap. 39 Ischemic Heart Disease: Medical Radiation as a Cause	p. 275
Chap. 40 IHD in Males: The Dose-Response between Medical Radiation and IHD	p. 279
Chap. 41 IHD in Females: The Dose-Response between Medical Radiation and IHD	p. 289
Chap. 42 Similarities in the IHD and Cancer Findings: Tumors in Both Diseases?	p. 295
Chap. 43 Nature of Atherosclerotic Lesions Underlying IHD	p. 299
Chap. 44 Some "Schools" of Thought on IHD Etiology and on IHD Acute Fatal Events	p. 305
Chap. 45 Unified Model: Intersection of Lipoproteins and Dysfunctional Clones of SMCs	p. 337
Chap. 46 How the Unified Model Helps to Explain, or Relates to, Other Observations	p. 345
Section 5 Cancer and IHD Mortality after 1940: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation
Chap. 47 Evaluating Fractional Causation in the Post-1940 Decades: How We Start	p. 355
Chap. 48 Cigarette Smoking: When, Who, How Much, and Especially Where	p. 361
Chap. 49 All-Cancers, Males, 1940-1988: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation	p. 375
Chap. 50 All-Cancers, Females, 1940-1988: Fractional Causation by Medical Radiation	p. 387
Chap. 51 Respiratory-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1988	p. 393
Chap. 52 Respiratory-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1988	p. 405
Chap. 53 Difference-Cancers, Males, 1940-1988	p. 411
Chap. 54 Difference-Cancers, Females, 1940-1988	p. 417
Chap. 55 Breast-Cancers, Females, 1940-1990	p. 423
Chap. 56 All-Cancers-Except-Genital, Females, 1940-1980	p. 429
Chap. 57 Digestive-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1988	p. 435
Chap. 58 Digestive-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1988	p. 441
Chap. 59 Urinary-System Cancers, Males, 1940-1980	p. 447
Chap. 60 Urinary-System Cancers, Females, 1940-1980	p. 455
Chap. 61 Genital Cancers, Males, 1940-1990	p. 461
Chap. 62 Genital Cancers, Females, 1940-1980	p. 467
Chap. 63 Buccal-Pharynx Cancers, Males, 1940-1980	p. 469
Chap. 64 Ischemic Heart Disease, Males, 1950-1993	p. 477
Chap. 65 Ischemic Heart Disease, Females, 1950-1993	p. 483
Chap. 66 Summarized Results, from Evidence Which Spans about a Half-Century	p. 489
Section 6 The Status of Hypotheses One and Two
Chap. 67 Our Findings: In Conflict with Existing Evidence?	p. 495
Chap. 68 Is There a Reasonable Non-Radiation Explanation for the Observations?	p. 507
Chap. 69 Conclusion: Making Sense of Three Sets of Irrefutable Correlations	p. 513
Appendices
App A Dose-Units and Dose-Levels of Ionizing Radiation	p. 517
App B The Safe-Dose Fallacy: Summary of Three Remarkably Similar Reports	p. 521
App C The Free-Radical Fallacy about Ionizing Radiation: A Demonstration	p. 530
App D Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability: What It Is, and Why It Is Important	p. 533
App E Some Pathways toward Understanding the Atherogenic Role of Lipoproteins	p. 538
App F Dietary Advice in Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease	p. 555
App G Any Goodness in "Good Cholesterol"?	p. 577
App H "Small, Dense Lipoprotein Particles" Especially Atherogenic?: Basis for Strong Doubt	p. 586
App I "Snapshot" Epidemiology: Why Lipid Levels Seemed Less Important at Older Ages	p. 594
App J Coronary Effects of Very High-Dose Medical Radiation	p. 599
App K Mid-Century: Average Annual Per Capita Dose from Diagnostic Medical Xrays	p. 609
App L Radiation "Hormesis": How an Illusion Can Arise from "Perfectly Good Data"	p. 617
App M Fractional Causation, 1980-1993, after an Alternate Smoking Adjustment	p. 621
App N PhysPop Omitted: Correlations between Canc. and IHD MortRates (Past, Present)	p. 642
Reference List	p. 645
Index and Glossary	p. 677

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