Multicultural education of children and adolescents

B> Multicultural Education of Children and Adolescents covers the five prevalent cultural groups and shows the components of responsive multicultural education programs. Focusing on African, Asian, European, Hispanic, and Native American cultures, this comprehensive book explores language, family, social class, and learning challenges. In this third edition, the authors have expanded the definition of multicultural education to include gays and lesbians, as well as individuals with disabilities. This is the only book that looks at both people with differing cultural backgrounds and the design and implementation of multicultural education programs. For readers interested in multicultural education programs.

Preface	p. xv
Part I Multicultural Education and Its Response to Our Nation's Increasing Diversity	p. 1
1 Multicultural Education	p. 3
Overview	p. 3
Multicultural Education for Culturally Pluralistic Schools	p. 3
Definition	p. 4
Principles	p. 5
Concepts	p. 7
Goals	p. 8
Assumptions	p. 8
Myths and Misconceptions	p. 10
A Brief Historical Overview	p. 11
The Influence of Court Decisions	p. 12
Interdisciplinary Approaches	p. 13
The Effective Multicultural Educator	p. 14
Challenges of Designing Multicultural Education Programs	p. 15
Ethnocentrism	p. 16
Developing Positive Cultural Identities	p. 17
Racism	p. 18
Stereotypes, Prejudices, and Generalizations	p. 21
Myths and Realities	p. 22
Understanding Learners from Culturally Different Backgrounds	p. 22
Controversial Issues in Multicultural Education	p. 23
Summing Up	p. 25
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 25
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 26
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 26
2 An Increasingly Multicultural Society	p. 28
Overview	p. 28
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives	p. 30
The Culturally Different: Demographics	p. 31
African Americans	p. 35
Asian Americans	p. 36
European Americans and Other Cultural Groups	p. 38
Hispanic Americans	p. 39
Native Americans	p. 42
Understanding Diversity	p. 44
Culture	p. 44
Race	p. 44
Ethnicity	p. 45
Gender	p. 45
Sexual Orientation	p. 47
Individual	p. 48
Socioeconomic Factors	p. 49
Challenges in a Culturally Diverse Society	p. 50
The Cultural Deficit Model	p. 50
The Cultural Mismatch Model	p. 51
The Culturally Different Model	p. 51
Understanding and Reducing Racism	p. 52
Understanding and Dispelling Stereotypes	p. 53
Helping Learners Develop Positive Cultural Identities	p. 54
Summing Up	p. 54
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 54
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 55
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 55
Part II Understanding Learners and Their Cultural Backgrounds	p. 57
3 Understanding African American Children and Adolescents	p. 59
Overview	p. 60
Origins	p. 60
African Americans Today	p. 61
Stereotyping of African American Children and Adolescents	p. 63
Cultural Characteristics	p. 64
Gender	p. 67
Socioeconomic Status	p. 68
Families	p. 70
Religion	p. 72
Language	p. 73
Achievement Levels	p. 74
Language Problems	p. 77
Learning Styles: Cultural Considerations	p. 79
School Practices Impeding African Americans' Progress	p. 80
Promoting Positive Self-Esteem and Cultural Identities	p. 82
Summing Up	p. 85
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 85
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 86
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 86
Expanding Your Students' Horizons: Appropriate African American Books for Children and Adolescents	p. 87
4 Understanding Asian American Children and Adolescents	p. 88
Overview	p. 88
Origins	p. 89
Asian Americans Today	p. 90
Stereotyping of Asian American Children and Adolescents	p. 90
Cultural Characteristics	p. 92
Gender	p. 94
Socioeconomic Status	p. 96
Families	p. 96
Religion	p. 98
Language	p. 99
Asian American Learners in the School	p. 100
Achievement Levels	p. 102
Language Problems	p. 105
Learning Styles: Cultural Considerations	p. 106
School Practices Impeding Asian Americans' Progress	p. 106
Promoting Self-Esteem and Cultural Identities	p. 108
Summing Up	p. 110
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 110
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 111
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 111
Expanding Your Students' Horizons: Appropriate Asian American Books for Children and Adolescents	p. 112
5 Understanding European American Children and Adolescents	p. 114
Overview	p. 114
Origins	p. 115
European Americans Today	p. 119
Stereotyping of European American Children and Adolescents	p. 121
Cultural Characteristics	p. 121
Gender	p. 123
Socioeconomic Status	p. 123
Families	p. 123
Religion	p. 127
Language	p. 127
European American Learners in the School	p. 128
Learning Styles: Cultural Considerations	p. 130
School Practices Impeding European Americans' Progress	p. 131
Promoting Self-Esteem and Cultural Identities	p. 131
Summing Up	p. 134
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 134
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 135
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 135
Expanding Your Students' Horizons: Appropriate European American Books for Children and Adolescents	p. 136
6 Understanding Hispanic American Children and Adolescents	p. 137
Overview	p. 137
Origins	p. 138
Hispanic Americans Today	p. 139
Stereotyping of Hispanic American Children and Adolescents	p. 140
Hispanic American Children and Adolescents	p. 141
Cultural Characteristics	p. 141
Gender	p. 144
Socioeconomic Status	p. 145
Families	p. 145
Religion	p. 147
Language	p. 148
Hispanic American Learners in the School	p. 149
Educators' Understanding of Hispanic Americans	p. 149
Achievement Levels	p. 149
Language Problems	p. 153
Learning Styles: Cultural Considerations	p. 155
School Practices Impeding Hispanic Americans' Progress	p. 157
Promoting Self-Esteem and Positive Cultural Identities	p. 158
Summing Up	p. 161
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 161
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 162
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 162
Expanding Your Students' Horizons: Appropriate Hispanic American Books for Children and Adolescents	p. 162
7 Understanding Native American Children and Adolescents	p. 165
Overview	p. 165
Origins	p. 166
Native Americans Today	p. 166
Stereotyping of Native American Children and Adolescents	p. 167
Cultural Characteristics	p. 170
Gender	p. 174
Socioeconomic Status	p. 174
Families	p. 175
Religion	p. 177
Language	p. 178
Native American Learners in the School	p. 180
Achievement Levels	p. 183
Language Problems	p. 184
Learning Styles: Cultural Considerations	p. 185
School Practices Impeding Native Americans' Progress	p. 185
Promoting Self-Esteem and Positive Cultural Identities	p. 187
Summing Up	p. 189
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 190
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 190
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 191
Expanding Your Students' Horizons: Appropriate Native American Books for Children and Adolescents	p. 191
Part III Teaching and Learning in a Diverse Society	p. 193
8 Curricular Efforts	p. 195
Overview	p. 195
Toward Cultural Diversity	p. 196
The Illusion of Change and Progress	p. 198
The Continuing Need for Change in Educational Practices	p. 198
From Illusion to Reality: Responding to Racism, Discrimination, Ethnocentrism, and Stereotypes	p. 199
Planning and Implementing a Multicultural Education Curriculum	p. 200
The Total School Environment	p. 200
Reform Efforts	p. 201
Guidelines for Developing Multicultural Curricula	p. 201
The Hidden Curriculum	p. 204
Guidelines for a Multicultural Curriculum	p. 206
Assessing the Need for Curricular Change	p. 207
Selecting Bias-Free Curricular and Teaching and Learning Materials	p. 208
Evaluating Curricular Efforts	p. 210
A Multicultural Education Unit	p. 213
Considerations	p. 213
Example	p. 214
The Unit: Unjust Treatment of People of Culturally Diverse Backgrounds	p. 214
Rationale	p. 214
Objectives and Activities	p. 214
Language Arts	p. 214
Mathematics	p. 215
Science	p. 215
Social Studies	p. 215
Art	p. 215
Music	p. 216
Other Resources	p. 216
Other Topics for Multicultural Units	p. 218
Extending the Multicultural Education Curriculum	p. 218
Parental and Community Involvement	p. 218
Extracurricular Activities	p. 220
Summing Up	p. 221
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 221
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 222
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 222
9 Instructional Practices	p. 224
Overview	p. 224
Valuing Individual and Cultural Differences	p. 226
Recognizing and Accepting Diversity	p. 226
Effective Educators in Multicultural Settings	p. 228
Knowledge	p. 228
Attitudes	p. 228
Skills	p. 230
Behaviors Essential in Multicultural Classrooms	p. 230
Educator Self-Evaluation	p. 231
Organization and Instruction--Cultural Considerations	p. 233
Ability Grouping	p. 235
Cooperative Learning	p. 235
Language Differences	p. 238
The School Environment	p. 239
Working toward a Multicultural School Environment	p. 239
Promoting Self-Esteem and Positive Cultural Identities	p. 244
Diversity among Faculty and Staff	p. 245
Cultural Perspectives	p. 245
Socioeconomic and Class Differences	p. 245
The Role of Parents and Families	p. 248
Learner Evaluation	p. 248
Evaluating Learners' Progress	p. 249
Summing Up	p. 249
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 250
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 250
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 251
10 Individual and Cultural Differences	p. 252
Overview	p. 252
The Reality of Individual and Cultural Diversity	p. 253
Differences and Their Influence on Learning	p. 254
Achievement, Intelligence, and Cognitive Processes	p. 254
Self-Esteem	p. 256
Gender	p. 257
Developmental Levels and Cognitive Readiness	p. 258
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values	p. 259
Motivation	p. 260
Socioeconomic Class	p. 262
Exceptionalities	p. 262
The Dangers of Labeling and Erroneous Placement	p. 262
Disabling Conditions	p. 264
Gifted and Talented	p. 264
Language	p. 265
Dialect Differences	p. 266
Language and Culture: Inseparable Relationships	p. 267
Multicultural Programs Emphasizing Language Diversity	p. 267
Effective Strategies for Linguistically Different Learners	p. 267
Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language	p. 269
Celebrating and Responding to Cultural Diversity	p. 271
Building Cultural Identities	p. 272
Learning Styles	p. 274
Summing Up	p. 275
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 276
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 276
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 277
11 Parents and Families of Culturally Diverse Backgrounds	p. 278
Overview	p. 279
Involving and Educating Parents and Families	p. 280
The Advantages of Parent Involvement and Education	p. 280
Understanding Both Immediate and Extended Families	p. 281
Reasons Parents Might Resist Teachers' Efforts	p. 282
Understanding Cultural Diversity	p. 284
Effective Parent Involvement Programs	p. 286
Parents and Families of Culturally Different Backgrounds	p. 288
Visiting Parents and Families in the Home	p. 289
Communication	p. 290
Involving Parents and Families as Volunteers	p. 292
Parent-Teacher Conferences	p. 294
Parent Advisory Councils	p. 295
Parent and Family Education	p. 297
Rationale for Parent Education Programs	p. 297
Special Needs of Parents and Families	p. 299
Formats of Parent Education Programs	p. 300
Helping Parents Understand Their Roles and School Expectations	p. 302
Summing Up	p. 303
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 304
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 304
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 305
12 Administrators and Special School Personnel	p. 306
Overview	p. 307
Administrators, Faculty, and Staff: Toward Total School Efforts	p. 308
The Roles of Administrators in Multicultural Education	p. 308
From the Perspective of Classroom Educators: Working with Administrators	p. 311
Evaluation of Administrators' Efforts and Commitment	p. 312
The Role of Special Education in the Multicultural Education Program	p. 314
Testing and Assessment	p. 315
Legal Perspectives	p. 316
From the Perspective of Classroom Educators: Working with Special-Education Teachers	p. 317
Library Media Specialists	p. 319
Selecting Culturally Appropriate Print and Nonprint Media	p. 320
Coordinating Efforts with Classroom Educators	p. 321
From the Perspective of Classroom Educators: Working with Library Media Specialists	p. 321
Counselors' Roles in Multicultural Education	p. 323
Understanding and Counseling	p. 323
Native Americans	p. 323
African Americans	p. 323
Asian Americans	p. 325
Hispanic Americans	p. 325
European Americans	p. 325
Testing and Assessment	p. 326
From the Perspective of Classroom Educators: Working with Counselors	p. 327
Communications Disorder Specialists	p. 329
Roles in Multicultural Education	p. 329
From the Perspective of Classroom Educators: Working with the Communications Disorder Specialist	p. 331
Summing Up	p. 333
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 334
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 334
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 335
Part IV The Future of Multicultural Education	p. 337
13 Issues for the Twenty-First Century	p. 339
Overview	p. 339
Issue: Multicultural Education as a Concept	p. 340
Scope of Multicultural Education	p. 340
Differences between Stated Ideals and Practice	p. 341
Approaches to Race, Class, and Gender	p. 342
Issue: Racism, Discrimination, and Injustice	p. 342
Lingering Racism and Discrimination	p. 343
Goals for U.S. Society	p. 343
Issue: Blaming the Victim	p. 344
More Humanistic Perspectives	p. 345
Issue: Testing and Assessment	p. 345
Arguments Supporting Standardized Tests	p. 346
Arguments Critical of Standardized Tests	p. 346
Issue: Language and communication	p. 347
Dialects	p. 349
Bilingual Education	p. 349
English as a Second Language	p. 351
Nonverbal Communication	p. 352
Issue: Accepting the Responsibility to Be Professionally Qualified and Committed	p. 352
Ensuring Cultural Diversity in All Curricular Materials	p. 354
Ensuring That Multicultural Emphasis Permeates All Curricular Areas and the School Environment	p. 354
Involving Parents, Families, and the Community	p. 355
Summing Up	p. 355
Suggested Learning Activities	p. 356
Suggestions for Collaborative Efforts	p. 356
Expanding Your Horizons: Additional Journal Readings and Books	p. 357
References	p. 358
Author Index	p. 370
Subject Index	p. 374

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