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摘要
摘要
Serving as both an introduction to the script and a convenient reference to its basic features and symbols, this book is designed for amateurs and specialists, including general readers, travellers to the Maya areas, and participants in hieroglyphic workshops.
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Anyone with even a passing interest in the Maya Indians and their hieroglyphic system of writing will find Montgomery's book valuable. This is not a history of how scholars have come to understand Maya hieroglyphics, but rather a straightforward book on how to read the glyphs. Other writers have done this, but Montgomery outdoes them by assuming almost nothing on the part of the reader. Let's face it: reading Maya hieroglyphics is not easy. It may be second nature to specialists, but those of us with no background quickly become lost in the discussion. Montgomery, a professional draftsman who illustrated several books written by the late Linda Schele, one of the more influential Maya scholars of the late 20th century, leads the reader through the myriad twists and turns, using simple phrasing and plenty of illustrations. The hundreds of excellent drawings add immeasurably to the book's success. If readers are willing to put time into the discussion and follow along carefully, they will begin to see the logic to the glyphs and will soon be able to actually read them. Recommended for most levels, especially interested general readers, graduate students in archaeology and linguistics, and professionals in those fields. M. J. O'Brien University of Missouri--Columbia
目录
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Map of the Maya World | p. 2 |
Pronunciation | p. 9 |
Orthography | p. 13 |
Conventions for Transcribing Maya Glyphs | p. 15 |
T-Numbers | p. 17 |
Abbreviations | p. 19 |
Chapter 1 History of Decipherment | p. 21 |
Discovery Phase: Early Attempts | p. 22 |
Initial Decipherments | p. 24 |
The Age of Thompson | p. 27 |
The Historical Phase of Decipherment | p. 28 |
Phonetic Decipherment | p. 30 |
Chapter 2 The Basics | p. 35 |
Organization | p. 35 |
Columns | p. 35 |
Glyph Blocks | p. 39 |
Types of Glyphs: Carved Versus Painted Forms | p. 40 |
Types of Glyphs: Functional Forms | p. 41 |
Main Signs | p. 41 |
Affixes | p. 43 |
Types of Glyphs: Iconographic Forms | p. 45 |
Symbolic or Geometric Variants | p. 45 |
Head Variants | p. 46 |
Full-Figure Variants | p. 47 |
Types of Glyphs: Grammatical Forms | p. 47 |
Logograms | p. 47 |
Phonetic Signs | p. 49 |
Phonetic Complements | p. 49 |
Semantic Determinatives | p. 50 |
Polyvalent Signs | p. 51 |
Selected Common Signs | p. 52 |
Chapter 3 Introduction to the Calendars: Numbers, Initial Series, and Long Count | p. 57 |
Numbers | p. 57 |
Symbolic Numbers | p. 58 |
Head-Variant and Full-Figure Numbers | p. 58 |
Other Signs for "Zero" | p. 63 |
Systems of Time | p. 64 |
Initial Series | p. 64 |
Long Count | p. 66 |
B'aktun | p. 66 |
K'atun | p. 66 |
Tun | p. 68 |
Winal | p. 68 |
K'in | p. 68 |
Summary | p. 70 |
Chapter 4 The Calendar Round | p. 71 |
Tzolk'in | p. 74 |
Ja'ab' | p. 80 |
How the Calendar Round Works | p. 85 |
The Initial Series: Putting Everything Together | p. 87 |
Chapter 5 The Supplementary and Other Series | p. 89 |
Lords of the Night | p. 89 |
Lunar Series | p. 94 |
Current Age of the Moon | p. 95 |
Lunar Name | p. 96 |
Moon Length | p. 98 |
819-Day Count | p. 98 |
Glyphs Y and Z | p. 100 |
Putting It All Together | p. 101 |
Chapter 6 Period Endings and Distance Numbers | p. 105 |
Period Endings | p. 105 |
Distance Numbers | p. 111 |
Suppression of Signs | p. 116 |
Distance Numbers as Initial Series | p. 116 |
Summary | p. 118 |
Chapter 7 Phoneticism in the Maya Script | p. 119 |
Landa's "Alphabet" | p. 120 |
Clues from the Codices | p. 122 |
The Principle of Synharmony | p. 124 |
Spelling Conventions | p. 126 |
Morpho-syllables | p. 130 |
Substitution Sets | p. 130 |
The Syllabary | p. 131 |
The Language of the Glyphs | p. 134 |
Summary | p. 135 |
Chapter 8 Verbs, Verbal Inflection, and Grammatical Elements | p. 137 |
How to Identify Verbs | p. 138 |
Syntax | p. 138 |
Affixation | p. 140 |
Pronouns | p. 141 |
Third-Person Pronoun | p. 142 |
Second-Person Pronoun | p. 143 |
First-Person Pronoun | p. 144 |
Demonstrative Pronouns | p. 145 |
Quotative Particles | p. 145 |
Plural Endings | p. 146 |
The Particle Suffix -il | p. 147 |
Prepositions | p. 148 |
Verbal Inflection | p. 148 |
Transitive Completive Verbs | p. 148 |
Intransitive Completive Verbs | p. 149 |
Positional Verbs | p. 149 |
Passive Verbs | p. 150 |
Miscellaneous | p. 150 |
General Verbs | p. 150 |
Ti Constructions | p. 151 |
Summary | p. 151 |
Chapter 9 The Major Events | p. 161 |
Birth | p. 162 |
Heir Designation | p. 163 |
Accession | p. 165 |
House, Monument, and Object Dedications | p. 170 |
Arrival and Departure | p. 175 |
Appear, Emerge | p. 176 |
Miscellaneous Actions | p. 177 |
"Witness" | |
"Open" | |
"Close" | |
"Enter," | |
"Give" | |
"Take" | |
"Carry" | |
"Turn, Rotate" | |
"Face Down, Doubled Over, Fold" | |
"Hurl" | |
"Mold, Form in Clay" | |
"Create, Awaken" | |
"Bathe or Water" | |
"Adorn" | |
"Cut Up" | |
"Eat" | |
"Wrap" | |
"Rest, End, Finish" | |
Contract, "Betrothal" | p. 184 |
Get Drunk, Dance | p. 185 |
Bloodletting and Sacrifice | p. 186 |
War | p. 188 |
General War-Related Terms | p. 189 |
"Capture" | p. 190 |
"Bring Down" | p. 191 |
"Burn" | p. 191 |
"Drive Out" | p. 192 |
Star-Shell, Star-Earth, and Star-Emblem Glyph | p. 192 |
Axe Glyph | p. 193 |
Death | p. 194 |
Burial | p. 195 |
Chapter 10 Names and Titles | p. 197 |
Personal Name Clauses | p. 198 |
Male Names | p. 199 |
Female Names | p. 200 |
Titles and Offices | p. 201 |
Ajaw | |
K'ul Ajaw | |
K'inich | |
Kalomte' | |
B'akab' | |
Numbered K'atun Glyphs | |
"Successor" Glyphs | |
Ch'ajom | |
Penis Title | |
"He the Youthful" | |
"Warrior" | |
"Captor of" | |
"Count of Captives" Epithet | |
"First Staff" | |
Ch'ok | |
Sajal | |
Itz'at | |
Aj K'ujun | |
Ordinal-Numbered Titles | |
Royal Names | p. 212 |
Tikal | p. 212 |
Palenque | p. 213 |
Copan | p. 214 |
Yaxchilan | p. 214 |
Artists' Signatures and Titles | p. 215 |
Chapter 11 Relationships | p. 219 |
Parentage Statements | p. 219 |
Child of Mother | p. 220 |
Child of Father | p. 222 |
Wife | p. 224 |
Siblings and Other Relatives | p. 224 |
Companions | p. 225 |
Political Relationships | p. 225 |
U Kab', "Under the Authority Of" | p. 226 |
Yajaw | p. 227 |
Yete | p. 228 |
Summary | p. 228 |
Chapter 12 Locations and Objects | p. 229 |
Directional and Color Glyphs | p. 229 |
Emblem Glyphs | p. 231 |
Titles of Origin | p. 235 |
Toponyms | p. 235 |
Names of Buildings | p. 238 |
Monuments and Other Objects | p. 238 |
Tribute | p. 240 |
Summary | p. 241 |
Chapter 13 Gods and Supernaturals | p. 243 |
"The Heavenly God, the Earthly God, All the Gods" | p. 243 |
Lineage Founders | p. 245 |
Vision Serpents | p. 247 |
Way, Wayob' | p. 248 |
The Pantheon of Major Gods | p. 250 |
Itz'amna | |
God of Gods | |
Jun Nal Ye | |
The Maize God | |
K'inich Ajaw | |
The Sun God | |
The Hero Twins | |
The Palenque Triad | |
K'awil | |
God of Royal Bloodlines | |
Chaak | |
The Rain God | |
Ik' K'u | |
The Wind God | |
The Paddler Gods | |
Chapter 14 The Primary Standard Sequence | p. 257 |
The Basic Formula | p. 258 |
The Introductory or Presentation Phrase | p. 261 |
Surface Treatment | p. 262 |
Vessel Type | p. 263 |
Vessel Contents | p. 265 |
The Closure Phrase | p. 267 |
Summary | p. 269 |
Chapter 15 Discourse and Structural Analysis: Putting It All Together | p. 271 |
The Discourse Structure of Yaxchilan Stela 11 | p. 272 |
Multiple Episodes and Events | p. 272 |
Establishing an Event Line | p. 276 |
Discourse Structure on Piedras Negras Panel 3 | p. 277 |
Episode 1, Event 1, Part 1 | p. 278 |
Episode 1, Event 1, Part 2 | p. 283 |
Episode 1, Event 2, Part 1 | p. 284 |
Episode 1, Event 2, Part 2 | p. 284 |
Episode 1, Event 2, Part 3 | p. 284 |
Episode 2, Event 1 | p. 288 |
Episode 2, Event 2 | p. 288 |
Episode 3, Part 1 | p. 290 |
Episode 3, Part 2 | p. 291 |
Summary of Episodes and Events On Piedras Negras Panel 3 | p. 293 |
Chronology of Piedras Negras Panel 3 | p. 294 |
Chapter 16 Advanced Decipherment | p. 295 |
Techniques of Structural and Comparative Analysis | p. 295 |
Advanced Analysis: Calculations Into the Extreme Past | p. 297 |
Creation Events | p. 297 |
Coba Stela 1 | p. 299 |
Quirigua Stela C | p. 302 |
The Crack in the Turtle Shell | p. 302 |
Problems in Decipherment: Looking Forward | p. 302 |
How to Teach Yourself In Greater Depth | p. 306 |
Yaxchilan Stela 11, Front, Lower Glyph Panel | p. 308 |
Appendix I Sample Texts and Practice Inscriptions | p. 309 |
Easy | p. 309 |
Difficult | p. 316 |
Appendix II A Guide to Hieroglyphic Resources | p. 325 |
Internet Resources | p. 325 |
Maya Calendar Programs | p. 325 |
Other Internet Resources | p. 326 |
Publication Series | p. 327 |
Sources of Inscriptions | p. 328 |
Annual Meetings | p. 329 |
Bibliography | p. 331 |
List of Illustrations | p. 339 |
List of Plates | p. 351 |
Index | p. 353 |