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摘要
摘要
Peter Homans offers a new understanding of the origins of psychoanalysis and relates the psychoanalytic project as a whole to the sweep of Western culture, past and present. He argues that Freud's fundamental goal was the interpretation of culture and that, therefore, psychoanalysis is fundamentally a humanistic social science. To establish this claim, Homans looks back at Freud's self-analysis in light of the crucial years from 1906 to 1914 when the psychoanalytic movement was formed and shows how these experiences culminated in Freud's cultural texts. By exploring the "culture of psychoanalysis," Homans seeks a better understanding of what a "psychoanalysis of culture" might be. Psychoanalysis, Homans shows, originated as a creative response to the withering away of traditional communities and their symbols in the aftermath of the industrial revolution. The loss of these attachments played a crucial role in the lives of the founders of psychoanalysis, especially Sigmund Freud but also Karl Abraham, Carl Jung, Otto Rank, and Ernest Jones. The personal, political, and religious losses that these figures experienced, the introspection that followed, and the psychological discovery that resulted are what Homans calls "the ability to mourn." Homans expands this historical analysis to construct a general model of psychological discovery: the loss of shared ideals and symbols can produce a deeper sense of self (psychological structure-building, or individuation) and can then lead to the creation of new forms of meaning and self-understanding. He shows how Freud, Jung, and other psychoanalysts began to extend their introspection outward, reinterpreting the meanings of Western art, history, and religion. In conclusion, Homans evaluates Freud's theory of culture and discusses the role that psychoanalysis might play in social and cultural criticism. Throughout the book, Homans makes use of the many histories, biographies, and psychobiographies that have been written about the origins of psychoanalysis, drawing them into a comprehensive sociocultural model. Rich in insights and highly original in approach, this work will interest psychoanalysts and students of Freud, sociologists concerned with modernity and psychoanalysis, and cultural critics in the fields of religion, anthropology, political science, and social history.
评论 (4)
《学校图书馆杂志》(School Library Journal)书评
Gr 3-7-- Meltzer has chosen a rather unusual subject for his latest topic. Designed as a history, Amazing Potato begins with the discovery of the potato in ancient Peru where the Inca were already cultivating and preserving it, and concludes with present day uses and research. Little-known facts come to life as Meltzer tells how the potato made its way to North America and Europe, often being rejected as food fit for human consumption. The chapters on the famine in Ireland are probably the best available. This information, combined with a brief discussion of the socio-economic conditions of the times, results in a text that is not readily found elsewhere. Captioned illustrations include many black-and-white photos and pen-and-ink drawings. In addition to serving as a good reference, this unusual title might just be the thing for general nonfiction assignments.-- Eldon Younce, Harper Elementary School, KS (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
《儿童读物杂志》(Horn Book)书评
The author writes a lucid, informative, and attractively designed consideration of a food staple that has been important to diverse cultures throughout history. Although primarily a work of sociology rather than science, basic botanical and nutritional facts about potatoes are included. Bib., ind. From HORN BOOK 1992, (c) Copyright 2010. The Horn Book, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Kirkus评论
Meltzer's long subtitle--``A Story in Which the Incas, Conquistadors, Marie Antoinette, Thomas Jefferson, Wars, Famines, Immigrants, and French Fries All Play a Part''--suggests the range of his latest fascinating exploration of social history. Covering the potato's nutritional value and economic importance, its early culture and the superstitions that attended its spread, the terrible consequences of Ireland's potato famine and the effect in the US of the attendant migration, and even some methods of cooking this versatile vegetable, Meltzer skillfully dramatizes the interrelationships among different fields of knowledge and the far-reaching effects a single species can have on the fortunes of mankind. Well-chosen b&w illustrations, mostly historical; bibliography; excellent source notes; index. (Nonfiction. 9+)
《书目》(Booklist)书评
/*STARRED REVIEW*/ Gr. 5-8. A book with a title that promises this much better deliver, and Meltzer's certainly does. The Amazing Potato is a wonderful example of nonfiction writing at its best: it's interesting (Queen Elizabeth I had a cook who mistakenly threw away the tubers and cooked the leaves), amusing, fact-filled (in 1990 Americans ate 120 pounds of potatoes per person), and carefully sourced. The title provides a good idea of the history Meltzer traces, which stretches from the potato's domestication by the Incas through its introduction to Europe, the Irish potato famine, and the tuber's effect on U.S. immigration, to the processing of potatoes for the fast-food trade and today's consumers. Meltzer also discusses modern efforts to preserve the genetic diversity of the potato and the food's potential for alleviating world hunger. Photographs and boxed inserts provide additional useful information. Students wanting an unusual subject for a report will enjoy Meltzer's study and learn a lot in the process. (Reviewed July 1992)0060208066Chris Sherman