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摘要
摘要
In this book Professor Mastronarde draws on the seventeen surviving tragedies of Euripides, as well as the fragmentary remains of his lost plays, to explore key topics in the interpretation of the plays. It investigates their relation to the Greek poetic tradition and to the social and political structures of their original setting, aiming both to be attentive to the great variety of the corpus and to identify commonalities across it. In examining such topics as genre, structural strategies, the chorus, the gods, rhetoric, and the portrayal of women and men, this study highlights the ways in which audience responses are manipulated through the use of plot structures and the multiplicity of viewpoints expressed. It argues that the dramas of Euripides, through their dramatic technique, pose a strong challenge to simple formulations of norms, to the reading of consistent human character, and to the quest for certainty and closure.
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In an expository chapter, Mastronarde (Univ. of California, Berkeley) covers approaches to Euripidean tragedy from antiquity through the 20th century. He discusses the reception of Euripides from middle comedy through the rhetorically oriented education systems of the late Roman and Byzantine periods; Renaissance Latin translations; and 19th- and 20th-century approaches to the genre of tragedy, focusing on the sociopolitical and educational takes on Attic tragedy. The approach the author claims to take is, in his words, "eclectic, flexible, and wary of totalizing interpretations." Subsequent chapters discuss issues related to generic definitions of tragedy and other dramatic genres; dramatic structures of Euripidean plays; the chorus and the relevance and connection of choral odes; the role and presentation of gods, and the dramatic functions of criticism of the gods; rhetoric and character portrayal, especially in the formal debate scenes; female figures; and male figures. This is a learned book and not an easy read (as the author admits in his preface). It assumes broad knowledge not only of the plays but also of cultural and literary history. Although the bibliographical references are ample, the bibliography omits some of the specialized scholarship, especially works on specific plays, as well as some recent commentaries. Summing Up: Recommended. Researchers and faculty. H. M. Roisman Colby College
目录
Preface | p. vii |
Abbreviations and reference system | p. xi |
1 Approaching Euripides | p. 1 |
Pre-modern reception | p. 1 |
From the Renaissance to German Classicism | p. 9 |
The nineteenth and twentieth centuries | p. 12 |
Current debates: tragedy, democracy, and teaching | p. 15 |
The approaches and scope of this book | p. 25 |
Appendix: a brief guide to Euripides' plays | p. 28 |
2 Problems of genre | p. 44 |
Genre: expectations, variety, and change | p. 44 |
Tragedy, satyr-play, and the comic | p. 54 |
Generic labels and their problems | p. 58 |
3 Dramatic structures: variety and unity | p. 63 |
Open form and structural strategies | p. 64 |
Double structures | p. 68 |
Strategies of juxtaposition | p. 77 |
A final example: Orestes | p. 83 |
Open structures and the challenge of tragedy | p. 85 |
4 The chorus | p. 88 |
The chorus and the audience | p. 89 |
Limits on identification and authority | p. 98 |
The chorus and knowledge | p. 106 |
The chorus and moral and interpretive authority | p. 114 |
Myth in the choral odes | p. 122 |
Connection and relevance | p. 126 |
1 Connection and relevance of the parodos | p. 127 |
2 Connection and relevance in the stasima | p. 130 |
"Not as in Euripides but as in Sophocles" | p. 145 |
5 The gods | p. 153 |
Preliminary considerations on Greek religion and the divine | p. 154 |
The drama of human belief | p. 161 |
Criticism and speculation | p. 169 |
Seen gods: prologue gods | p. 174 |
Seen gods: epilogue gods | p. 181 |
Unseen gods: inference and uncertainty | p. 195 |
Conclusion | p. 205 |
6 Rhetoric and character | p. 207 |
Rhetoric and its context | p. 208 |
Ambivalence about rhetoric and the modern | p. 211 |
Rhetoric, agon, and character | p. 222 |
1 Hippolytus and Medea: expressing world-views | p. 222 |
2 Alcestis and Hecuba: shaping the self | p. 227 |
3 Iphigenia in Aulis and Orestes: instability and self-delusion | p. 234 |
7 Women | p. 246 |
Indoors and outdoors | p. 248 |
Family and city and gendered motivations | p. 254 |
Women, fame, and courage | p. 261 |
Misogynistic speech | p. 271 |
8 Euripidean males and the limits of autonomy | p. 280 |
Unmarried young males | p. 285 |
Old men | p. 292 |
Mature males | p. 297 |
The deficient hero | p. 304 |
Conclusion | p. 307 |
Bibliography | p. 313 |
Index of names and topics | p. 334 |
Index of passages cited | p. 346 |