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摘要
摘要
This is an important gathering of first-person accounts of the trauma of the 1930s in the Heartland, collected together and assessed by historians from the distance of several decades. Many Americans tell their stories in this book about the Dust Bowl, arguably one of the greatest environmental disasters ever to befall the United States. Their works tell of suffering and resilience, of terrible loss and cautious hope, and of defeat and defiance. The book also looks at the solutions they found for dealing with their plight, including everything from simply packing up and leaving their homes to finding scientific ways to work with, rather than against, the land to embracing radical political solutions. Divided into a section of contemporary accounts and a second of retrospective analysis, this book will be of interest to scholars in the field of Western History and the general reader seeking to learn more about what it was like to live in and through the Depression-era Dust Bowl.
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Kirkus评论
A mixed bag of modern historical essays and contemporary journalistic accounts of the 1930s Dust Bowl. Perhaps the greatest environmental disaster to befall the US, the so-called Dust Bowl, resulted from poor farming practices, livestock overgrazing, and drought. ``In its narrowest technical sense,'' the editors write, ``the term Dust Bowl refers only to a small district with reddish-brown soils in northeastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma during the 1930s.'' Yet, thanks to the writings of John Steinbeck and the photographs of Dorothea Lange, among other chroniclers, the image of the Dust Bowl spread to cover a much greater area as a dominant Depression image. With the arrival of the Dust Bowl, formerly productive topsoil floated off on the winds for hundreds of miles in all directions, forcing rural Americans already hard hit by economic disaster to abandon their farms and make for the cities or, in the case of the ``Okies,'' for the fields and orchards of California. As several of the newspaper and magazine accounts included in this volume attest, the exiles did not always leave easily. In Nebraska, for example, writes Lief Dahl in the New Republic of January 18, 1933, displaced field hands formed a leftist ``Farmers' Holiday movement'' to battle bank foreclosures, while Margaret Bourke-White, writing for the Nation, describes the untoward sight of Kansas farmers feeding tumbleweeds to their starving cattle. The journalism included in this volume is of a very high quality, politically charged and historically rich. The historical interpretations are less interesting, unless you happen to have a passion for statistics on Protestant church memberships in Haskell County, Kan., circa 1936. Still, a useful resource compiled by three academics for students of American history, particularly concerning the rise of the populist political movement. (8 b&w photos, 2 line drawings, 13 maps, not seen)
目录
Preface | p. ix |
Reprint Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
I. Introduction | p. 1 |
II. Contemporary Accounts: The Plight of Farmers in the Great Depression, 1931-1936 | p. 15 |
A. Early Dust Bowl Distress and Anger, 1931-1932 | p. 21 |
1. Share Croppers Are Drought Victims, New York Times, January 27, 1931 | p. 21 |
2. Get Away From Those Cows, Colliers, February 27, 1932 | p. 23 |
B. The Farmers Go on Strike, 1932-1933 | p. 37 |
1. Why the Farmers' Holiday, Milo Reno memoirs, July 20, 1932 | p. 37 |
2. The Farmers Go on Strike, New Republic, August 31, 1932 | p. 43 |
3. Nebraska Farmers in Action, New Republic, January 18, 1933 | p. 48 |
C. Farmers March on Washington, 1932 | p. 55 |
1. Capital Police to Permit Farmers' March, New York Times, November 1, 1932 | p. 55 |
2. Corn Belt Farmers to Move on Capital, New York Times, November 27, 1932 | p. 57 |
3. Police Plan to Bar March on Capital, New York Times, November 29, 1932 | p. 60 |
4. Hunger on the March, The Nation, December 28, 1932 | p. 65 |
D. New Violence in the Midwest, 1933 | p. 73 |
1. Teachers Stage New Chicago Riot, New York Times, April 27, 1933 | p. 73 |
2. Iowa Farmers Abduct Judge From Court, New York Times, April 28, 1933 | p. 76 |
3. Iowa Troops Rule Farm Riot Areas, New York Times, April 29, 1933 | p. 77 |
E. Drought, Heat Waves, and Dust Storms From the Great Plains, 1934-1936 | p. 81 |
1. Huge Dust Cloud, Blown 1,500 Miles, Dims City, New York Times, May 12, 1934 | p. 82 |
2. Drought, Dust, Disaster, Time, May 21, 1934 | p. 88 |
3. Dust Changes America, The Nation, May 22, 1935 | p. 90 |
4. Letters From the Dust Bowl, Atlantic Monthly, May 1936 | p. 93 |
F. Rainmaking and Rainmakers | p. 113 |
1. Rain Machines Fail, Kansas Tries Prayer, New York Times, July 1, 1934 | p. 113 |
2. The President's Devils Lake [North Dakota] Speech, New York Times, August 8, 1934 | p. 115 |
3. Roosevelt, "Rain Maker," New York Times, August 9, 1934 | p. 116 |
4. South Dakota City Prays, New York Times, July 11, 1936 | p. 118 |
III. Historians View the Dust Bowl Years | p. 121 |
A. Men, Women, and Children--the Personal Response | p. 123 |
1. Plains Women: Rural Life in the 1930s, by Dorothy Schwieder and Deborah Fink, Great Plains Quarterly (1988) | p. 125 |
2. Farmer Rebels in Plymouth County, Iowa, 1932-1933, by Rodney D. Karr, Annals of Iowa (1985) | p. 141 |
3. "A God-forsaken Place": Folk Eschatology and the Dust Bowl, by Brad Lookingbill, Great Plains Quarterly (1994) | p. 151 |
B. Vehicles for Expressing the Farmers' Rage--Institutional Activism | p. 175 |
1. The Farm Holiday Movement in Nebraska, by John L. Shover, Nebraska History (1962) | p. 176 |
2. The North Dakota Farm Strike of 1932, by Larry Remele, North Dakota History (1974) | p. 200 |
3. Resolutions, Programs, and Policies of the North Dakota Farmers' Holiday Association, 1932-1937, by James W. Dodd, North Dakota History (1961) | p. 228 |
4. Restrained, Respectable Radicals: The South Dakota Farm Holiday, by John E. Miller, Agricultural History (1985) | p. 244 |
5. Agrarian Radicals: The United Farmers League of South Dakota, by Allan Mathews, South Dakota History (1973) | p. 267 |
IV. Searching for Explanations--the Media Response | p. 277 |
1. Radical Rule in Montana, by Charles Vindex, Montana, Magazine of Western History (1968) | p. 281 |
2. The Plow That Broke the Plains: Film Legacy of the Great Depression, by Vernon Carstensen | p. 303 |
V. Historical Overviews | p. 321 |
1. Rethinking the Farm Revolt of the 1930s, by William C. Pratt, Great Plains Quarterly (1988) | p. 325 |
2. The Dirty Thirties: A Study in Agricultural Capitalism, by Donald Worster, Great Plains Quarterly (1986) | p. 349 |
3. Dust Bowl Historiography, by Harry C. McDean, Great Plains Quarterly (1986) | p. 366 |
Modern Bibliography of the Dust Bowl | p. 385 |
Editors | p. 409 |
Index | p. 411 |