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摘要
摘要
The Book of Memory is a wide-ranging and beautifully illustrated account of the workings and function of memory in medieval society. Memory was the psychological faculty valued above all others in the period stretching from late antiquity through to the Renaissance. The medieval assumption that human learning is above all based in memorative processes had profound implications for the contemporary understanding of all creative activity, and the social role of literature and art. Dr Carruthers looks at models for the understanding of memory, examines scholastic and early humanist adaptations of classical mnemotechniques, and throughout offers examples from the works of Dante, Chaucer, Aquinas and others. This study by a literary scholar draws upon insights from a variety of disciplines, including modern hermeneutical theory, art history and codicology, psychology and anthropology, the histories of medicine, education, and of meditation and spirituality. It will be important to students in all these fields who value interdisciplinary approaches to historical material.
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Going beyond the work of Frances Yates and Paolo Rossi, Carruthers examines the ways in which memory techniques were taught. She also analyzes the role of memory in the creative processes ("memorial culture") of the elite during the Middle Ages. Carruthers concludes that the growth of the written medium did not fundamentally alter the crucial role of memory in medieval culture. She describes the influence of ancient Graeco-Roman models of memory (e.g., memory as an architectural edifice or as a wax tablet) on the creation of the ars memorativa in the 13th century. Both memory development and reading were ethical activities because they "fixed" important texts in the mind for rumination and for later explication in writing or speaking. In both form and function, the medieval commentary appears, then, as an "applied mnemonic" to aid digestion of the text and to internalize or "institutionalize" it. Illumination, too, serves the same function as a "memorial hook." Carruthers includes in her appendixes translated texts of Hugh of St. Victor, Albertus Magnus, and Thomas Bradwardine on memory. Useful primarily for graduate students and faculty. -C. W. Clark, St. Andrews Presbyterian College
目录
Introduction |
1 Models for the memory |
2 Descriptions of the neuropsychology of memory |
3 Elementary memory design |
4 The arts of memory |
5 Memory and the ethics of reading |
6 Memory and authority |
7 Memory and the book |
Afterword |
Appendixes |
List of abbreviations |
Bibliography |