| I The Vygotskian Framework: The Cultural-Historical Theory of Development |
| 1 Introduction to Vygotsky |
| Tools of the Mind? Why Are Mental Tools Important? History of the Vygotskian Approach |
| Vygotskian Framework: Principles of Psychology and Education |
| 2 Acquiring Mental Tools and Higher Mental Functions |
| The Purpose of Tools |
| Language: The Universal Tool |
| The Concept of Higher Mental Functions |
| The Development of Mental Functions |
| Individual Differences in the Development of Mental Functions |
| 3 The Vygotskian Framework and Other Theories of Child Development |
| Piaget's Constructivist Approach |
| Behaviorist Theorists |
| Information Processing Theory |
| Critique of the Vygotskian Approach |
| II Strategies for Development and Learning |
| 4 The Zone of Proximal Development: Strategy for Development and Learning |
| Defining the Zone of Proximal Development |
| Using the ZPD to Study Development |
| Implications for Learning/Teaching |
| Using the ZPD to Teach |
| 5 Developmental Accomplishments and Leading Activity: Infants and Toddlers |
| Developmental Accomplishments |
| The Concept of Leading Activity |
| Infancy |
| Toddlerhood |
| 6 Developmental Accomplishments and Leading Activity: Preschool, Kindergarten, and Primary Grades |
| Preschool and Kindergarten |
| Primary Grades |
| Orgaizing Learning/Teaching in the Classroom |
| III Tactics for Promoting Development and Learning/Teaching |
| 7 Tactics: Using Mediators |
| The Function of Mediator? External Mediators as Scaffolding |
| Types of Mediators |
| Mediation of Social and Emotional Behavior |
| External Mediation of Cognition |
| Guidelines for Using External Mediators |
| Value of Mediators |
| 8 Tactics: Using Language |
| Language as a Cultural Tool |
| The Functions of Speech |
| Developmental Path of Speech |
| The Development of Meaning |
| The Development of Written Speech |
| Using Language in the Classroom |
| 9 Tactics: Using Shared Activities |
| Interaction During Shared Activity |
| How Shared Activity Promotes Learning |
| Shared Activity, Other-Regulation, and Self-Regulation |
| The Role of the Teacher in Shared Activity |
| The Role of Peers in Shared Activity |
| IV Applying the Vygotskian Approach in the Classroom |
| 10 Play as a Leading Activity |
| Definitions of Play |
| How Play Influences Development |
| The Developmental Path of Play |
| Play as a Leading Activity |
| Enriching Play |
| 11 Activities for the Early Childhood Classroom |
| Block Building |
| Mapping |
| Making Patterns |
| Dramatic Play |
| Storytelling |
| Journal Writing |
| Reading |
| Large-Muscle Activities |
| Small-Muscle Activities |
| Epilogue |
| Glossary |
| References |
| Index |
