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摘要
摘要
Analyzing the political culture of the Andean republics of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador and of the United States, Fredrick Pike finds in their relationships deep divergencies in values and goals. Andeans, he shows, have traditionally viewed with suspicion the tenets associated with liberal democracy, secularism, and individualistic capitalism. In a detailed study of Andean politics, economics, social classes, and cultural patterns in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Pike determines that revolutionary ideology often merely masked the ambitions of aspiring elites anxious to retain the traditional order but wishing to wrest its advantages from incumbent elites. He shows the appeal of Marxism and of recent external-domination, internal-dependency theories, as well as the basic conservatism of land-reform programs and approaches to the Indian problem. Pike also speculates on whether an iron law of dependency is involved in Andean relations with the United States. He discusses the role of multinational corporations and the increasing privatization of dependency. In the emerging postmodern era, Pike suggests, the values of Western-style modernity are even less viable in Andean America and indeed may not be able to survive in the United States.
目录
1 Perspectives of Cultural Contrasts |
Individualism and Rising Expectations |
Patronalism-Clientelism, Corporativism, and Andean Cultural Patterns |
Patronalist-Clientelist Corporativism and the Image of the Limited Good |
The Nature of Government |
2 The Social Matrix of the Andean |
Past Indians, the Hacienda, and the Frontier Experience in the Colonial Era |
Race Relations and Corporativism |
Education, Letters, and the Patronalist-Clientelist, Corporative Society |
Merchants and Landowners |
The Ideological Background to the Andean Independence Movement |
3 Prelude to Chaos: The Implications of Independence |
Religion and the Implications of Independence Liberalism, Conservativism, and the Corporativism |
Issue Economic Collapse and the Blow to Liberalism |
Andean Krausists as Early Critics of Liberal Modernization Andean Regionalism |
The Racial Issue and the Implications of Independence |
4 The Nineteenth-Century Quest for Stability and Progress Peru: Independence and the Age of Caudillos |
The Age of Castilla and of Guano Herrera versus |
Vigil Economic and Political Disintegration, 1868-1879 |
Bolivia: The Attainment of Independence |
The Rule of Sucre, Santa Cruz, and Ballivian, 1826-1847 |
Tata Belzu, the Precursor of Andean Populism, 1848-1855 |
Civilian and Military Rule, 1857-1879 |
Ecuador: Independence from Spain and Gran Colombia |
The Age of Flores, Rocafuerte, and Urbina, 1830-1860 |
The Age of Garcia Moreno and the Aftermath, 1861-1883 |
5 Rivalry, Diplomacy, War, and Reconstruction in the Nineteenth Century |
Intervention and Balance-of-Power Politics to the 1870s |
The War of the Pacific Reconstruction in Bolivia and Peru Ecuador, 1883-1895 |
6 The Apogee of Liberalism and the Rise of U.S. Influence, 1900-1920 |
Liberalism and the Indians Liberalism and the Church |
Progress and the Rise of a New Plutocracy |
The Penetration of U.S. Capital: Peru Bolivia Ecuador |
The Social Problem Surfaces Disillusionment with Liberalism |
7 Andean Political Establishments and Transition, the 1920s |
Andean Political Establishments Respond to New Challenges: Leguia and the Political |
Establishment in Peru Saavedra and Siles and the Political |
Establishment in Bolivia Civilians, the Military, and the Political |
Establishment in Ecuador Intensification of U.S. Economic Penetration |
The Rise of U.S. Diplomatic Influence |
8 Aspiring Elites and Transition |
Catholicism and Transition |
Marxism-Leninism and Transition |
Marxian Indianism and Revolutionary Transition |
The APRA and Its Formulas for Transition Prophets of Transition and U.S. Relations |
9 Experiments with Reformism: The Depression and Wartime Years |
Populism in Peru and Ecuador, 1930-1934 |
The Chaco War and the Aftermath in Bolivia, 1930-1946 |
Weathering the Storm in Peru and Ecuador, 1934-1945 |
10 Revolution in Bolivia, Muddling Through in Peru andEcuador, 1945-1960 |
Respectable Indianism in Andean America |
The Bolivian Social Revolution: The Revolutionand the Indian or Campesino |
The Revolutionand the Urban and Mining Sectors |
The Revolution and the United States The Old Order in Peru |
The Established Order and the Political Kaleidoscopein Ecuador |
11 The Alliance for Progress and Andean Transitions, 1961-1968 |
Bolivia and the Attempt to Impose Order, 1960-1968 |
The Political Scene in Ecuador The P |