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摘要
摘要
Scientific Metaphysics collects original essays by some of the world's leading philosophers of science on the question of whether metaphysics can and should be naturalized--that is, conducted as a part of natural science. Some people will think that the idea of naturalized metaphysics is a contradiction in terms, on the grounds that metaphysics is by definition about matters that transcend the domain of empirical inquiry. Most of the authors here disagree, and hold that if metaphysics is to hold out any prospect of identifying objective truths, it must be continuous with and inspired by science. Many go further, and argue that it should be conducted in such a way as to be of some positive use to science. But beyond this each contributor differs with one another on numerous points of detail and emphasis. The essays presented here offer various points of view on the relationship between naturalized metaphysics, more traditional forms of metaphysics, and the wider history of philosophy. The discussions are rich in examples drawn from across the sciences: physics, biology, economics, psychology and others. Several chapters explore new ideas about the complex relationships between metaphysics, physics, and mathematics. At stake, in the end, is the question of whether metaphysics should give way to science and disappear from contemporary inquiry, or continue as an activity that unifies the particular sciences into a single naturalistic worldview.
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This collection of essays by prominent philosophers of science concerns the prospect of recovery of some form of metaphysics "acceptable in the context of the sciences." Chapter contributors adroitly autopsy logical empiricism and its relatives, whose collapse opened the way to a transitional "analytic metaphysics" and to the nascent proposals of this volume. These proposals outline new relations between science and philosophy that require various modifications of metaphysics to project a possible "naturalized metaphysics"; most topics are introduced by pioneers/editors Ladyman and Ross. Kinkaid, the third editor, provides an analytic introduction, and Andrew Melnyk provides appropriate skepticism. Anjan Chakravartty enumerates anomalies in detail, while Michael Friedman and Mark Wilson offer contrasting modifications of Kant's programme ("relativized Kantian-style conception of scientific rationality" versus a new form of scientific realism). Ladyman and Ross consider a metaphysics "constrained" by the "best science" (problematic given the current failures of such) and non-"scale-invariant" methodological domains (i.e., context specific), as does Paul Humphreys in embracing fallibilism and Jenan Ismael in "Causation, Free Will, and Naturalism." A diverse collection of challenging preliminary ideas, this collection could provoke a coherent "scientific metaphysics" after all. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. P. D. Skiff Bard College
目录
Contributing Authors | p. viii |
1 Introduction: Pursuing a Naturalist Metaphysics | p. 1 |
2 On the Prospects of Naturalized Metaphysics | p. 27 |
3 Scientific Ontology and Speculative Ontology | p. 51 |
4 Can Metaphysics Be Naturalized? And If So, How? | p. 79 |
5 Kinds of Things-Towards a Bestiary of the Manifest Image | p. 96 |
6 The World in the Data | p. 108 James La |
7 What Can Contemporary Philosophy Learn from our 'Scientific Philosophy' Heritage? | p. 151 |
8 Neo-Kantianism, Scientific Realism, and Modem Physics | p. 182 |
9 Some Remarks on 'Naturalism' as We Now Have It | p. 198 |
10 Causation, Free Will, and Naturalism | p. 208 |
Index | p. 237 |