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摘要
摘要
In this rousing account of the first true cowboys, Newbery Medalist Russell Freedman brings to life the days when the vaqueros rounded up cattle, brought down steers, and tamed wild broncos. In the service of wealthy Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century, Mexican ranch hands began herd- ing cattle, often riding barefoot. They soon developed and perfected the skills for this dangerous work and became expert horsemen. Hundred of years later the vaqueros shared their expertise with the inexperienced cowboys of the American West, who adopted their techniques and their distinctive clothing, tools, and even lingo. Yet today it is the cowboy whom we remember, while the vaquero has all but disappeared from history.
The vaqueros are at last given their due in this dramatic narrative, lushly illustrated with beautiful period paintings and drawings.
评论 (5)
《学校图书馆杂志》(School Library Journal)书评
Gr 4-8-Freedman explores the often-overlooked role of the Central American cowherders who preceded by centuries the cowboys of popular lore and legend. With clear and engaging prose, he describes how the 1494 arrival of cattle and horses in Hispaniola led to a need for skilled and rugged horsemen able to control the eventually vast herds. While tracing the geographic spread of the vaqueros' work over time and the tasks and tools involved in the trade, he also weaves in some thought-provoking social history. Freedman notes that the vaquero lacked status in his own culture, and "remained for hundreds of years a poorly paid laborer." North American cowboys, who flourished for a far shorter time, as well as much later, enjoy the romanticized image that has never applied to vaqueros. The author characterizes the typical vaquero, rather than using individual examples, discussing the pride, skill, and courage required to succeed at the work. Each of the seven chapters begins with a full-page color reproduction of a painting, and other full-color and black-and-white paintings are generously included on virtually every spread, most from the 19th century. Period photographs also add visual impact. Martin Sandler's Vaqueros: America's First Cowboys (Holt, 2001) covers similar ground. Freedman's book has a slightly more attractive layout, but both are excellent resources on a topic that was previously difficult to research at a child's level.-Steven Engelfried, Beaverton City Library, OR (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
出版社周刊评论
Combining impressive research and the skill of a campfire storyteller, Freedman (Martha Graham; The Wright Brothers) describes the rugged and often violent life of the original "cowboys," as they are known today. The vaqueros, or cowherders (from vaca, the Spanish word for cow), began riding in Spanish Mexico in the 1500s after Columbus brought cattle and horses to the New World, then migrated to California in the 1760s. "Long ago before cattle came to Texas, before George Washington crossed the Delaware, before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock cowboys rode the range in Spanish Mexico," begins Freedman's inviting narrative. Readers interested in cowboys and all things Western will pore over the detailed descriptions of the techniques and equipment used by the largely unsung vaqueros to herd cattle on the open range; they essentially invented the lasso (from lazo) as well as rodeos (from rodear, meaning "to surround or encircle"). Freedman deftly sketches the rigid class system that confined the vaqueros to lowly status of pon ("man at the bottom of the social ladder") and tied them to wealthy landowners and he documents how these skilled laborers taught their trade to American settlers. Drawings by Jos Cisneros and Frederic Remington plus period photographs highlight this tribute to the lifestyle and daring of the vaqueros. Though their contribution to the building of the West may have been eclipsed by the legends of U.S. cowboys, Freedman sets the record straight. Ages 8-12. (Oct.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
《儿童读物杂志》(Horn Book)书评
(Intermediate) ""In the eyes of their Spanish masters, they were nothing more than poor Indian laborers on horseback. But they were the first of their kind, and they invented the cowboy trade as we know it today."" Russell Freedman's handsome introduction to the history and work of the vaqueros pays long-overdue tribute to the skillfulness and ingenuity of these early Native-American cowmen. Set in seven chapters with well-chosen paintings and black-and-white drawings, the book carefully emphasizes throughout the lasting heritage of the vaqueros. The very language of the cowboy trade derives almost entirely from the early terminology. Freedman smoothly incorporates and defines Spanish words as he describes the fifteenth-century origins of cowboy work, the activities of horse training and cattle roundups, tools and clothing, contests and games, and the migration north from Mexico to regions that would eventually break away from Mexico and Spain to join the United States. Because the American cowboy has been such a cultural icon, it's intriguing to be reminded that he was a latecomer in our history. What's more, he didn't last long, since the open range disappeared soon after his nineteenth-century emergence. While the vaquero didn't enjoy the glamorous status of the cowboy, his story is fascinating and well documented here, as it was in Martin Sandler's more fully developed but less handsome Vaqueros (rev. 1/01). Freedman concludes with an annotated bibliography of his sources, a glossary of Spanish terms, picture credits, and an index. m.a.b. (c) Copyright 2010. The Horn Book, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted. All rights reserved.
Kirkus评论
Long before there were cowboys, there were vaqueros plying their trade on the grasslands of New Spain. With vivid and economical prose, the ever-capable Freedman (Give Me Liberty!, 2000, etc.) deftly combines political, religious, and social history to celebrate the achievements of the largely unsung men who invented the tools and techniques that sustain an American mythos. Chapters devoted to the evolution of the cattle ranch in Mexico and what was to become the southwestern US take readers back to the early days of European expansion into the New World. Both missionaries and private landowners found that the easiest way to control their burgeoning cattle herds was to conscript into peonage the Indians who lived on their lands, thus creating the poor but proud-and highly skilled-vaquero. Further chapters detail the apparatus and techniques used by the vaqueros (with special attention paid to the way the original Spanish words have worked their way into the language of the American cowboy), and the inevitable decline of the vaquero, brought about by changes both technological and political. If one occasionally gets the sense that the life of a vaquero is being a bit romanticized, it seems only appropriate, given the attention lavished on those Johnny-come-lately cowboys at the expense of their predecessors. Lushly illustrated with archival material (including a spectacular sequence of Remington drawings) this fast-paced text brings to light the contributions of the Indians without whom the cowboys might never have existed. There are no specific citations of sources, either in the text or as footnotes, but a very nicely done bibliographical essay describes the works consulted. (glossary, index) (Nonfiction. 9-14)
《书目》(Booklist)书评
Gr. 5-up. Talk about mixed-up historical myths. It turns out that the first cowboys were Indian cow herders who rode the range in Spanish Mexico nearly 500 years ago. They called themselves vaqueros (from vaca, the Spanish word for cow), and much later they taught the settlers of the American West their work and shared the tools of their trade. Freedman, who also wrote Cowboys of the Wild West (1983), tells the story with depth, clarity, and a vigor that conveys the thrilling excitement of the work and the macho swagger of the culture. The vaqueros' story is set against the sweep of history, from the time of Columbus (who brought cattle and horses) to the coming of the railroad, and, finally, the end of the open range. The book's design is beautiful, with spacious type on thick paper, and the dazzling illustrations--prints, paintings, and photos on almost every page, from Remington's "Stampede" paintings to Cisneros' drawings of vaqueros in action--will lure even reluctant history students and readers. Older readers will also be fascinated by Freedman's discussion of the U.S. romantic vision of the frontier cowboys, who were traditionally viewed by Spanish and Mexicans as just poor laborers on horseback. --Hazel Rochman
目录
1 The First of Their Kind | p. 1 |
2 Rodeo | p. 9 |
3 Haciendas and Ranchos | p. 17 |
4 Tools of the Trade | p. 27 |
5 Contests and Games | p. 37 |
6 Vaqueros, Buckaroos, and Cowboys | p. 45 |
7 The Last of the Vaqueros | p. 53 |
Bibliography | p. 61 |
Glossary | p. 63 |
Acknowledgments and Picture Credits | p. 66 |
Index | p. 68 |