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摘要
摘要
It is important that all those concerned with education - parents, teachers, administrators and policymakers - should have a reasonable understanding of the present system and how it has developed, sometimes over a period of many years. This work traces the development of Western educational ideas from the Greek society of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, to the ideas and ideologies behind some of the controversial issues in education today.
This book discusses the continuous development of educational thought over three millennia. The focus upon the history of ideas in this volume is partly an attempt to move history of education away from an approach based on 'great men' to technological, economic and political influences on ideas and beliefs. It reviews many issues, ranging from the purposes of education from the earliest times, to the challenge of postmodernism in the present century. The authors provide an accessible and thought-provoking guide to the educational ideas that underlie practice.
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Both professors of education at the University of London, Lawton and Gordon generously share their understanding of key developments in Western educational history. While the coverage is of a survey nature, summaries are concise and frequently reflect the authors' deep familiarity with the material. Organized chronologically, the book treats ancient Greece and Rome; early Christianity; the Renaissance; religious strife of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; the Enlightenment; Romanticism; industrialism and nationalism; the idealist tradition; and the 19th-century emergence of the social sciences. It also addresses 20th-century political ideologies of democracy (including John Dewey) and antidemocracy (e.g. Italian fascism), the Second World War, and the emergence of internationalism. The conclusion contains interesting discussion of the breakdown of economic nationalism and the rise of the New Right, and gives the reaction of critical theory (especially Habermas's ideas) to these historical events while noting their educational importance. Overall, the authors succeed in organizing and explaining major social and cultural ideas behind educational developments. Concerned with the unfolding of the process of education itself, seen as "fulfillment of some Enlightenment ideas," Lawton and Gordon maintain careful scholarship in general, and tend to notify the reader when giving particular personal viewpoints. P. M. Socoski City College
目录
1 Introduction: A History of Western Educational Ideas | p. 1 |
2 The Greeks | p. 10 |
3 The Romans | p. 22 |
4 The Judaeo-Christian Tradition | p. 31 |
5 Medieval Europe and the Influence of Islam | p. 44 |
6 Humanism and the Renaissance | p. 57 |
7 The Reformation and the Counter-Reformation to the End of the Seventeenth Century | p. 69 |
8 The Eighteenth Century: The Enlightenment | p. 87 |
9 Romanticism | p. 101 |
10 Industrialism, Nationalism and the Cult of Efficiency | p. 115 |
11 The Idealist Tradition | p. 133 |
12 The Development of the Social Sciences in the Nineteenth Century and their Influence on Education | p. 146 |
13 The Influence of Politics and Political Ideologies on Educational Ideas | p. 169 |
14 The Second World War and After: Peace, Internationalism and Universal Literacy | p. 185 |
15 Liberal Education | p. 194 |
16 Pedagogy | p. 201 |
17 Gender | p. 214 |
18 Conclusion: The End of Education? | p. 228 |
Bibliography | p. 234 |
Index | p. 245 |