Infancy to early childhood : genetic and environmental influences on developmental change

This is the first complete publication from the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study (MALTS) -- the most ambitious and comprehensive longitudinal twin study to date. It offers an original theoretical framework that explains how change occurs in different domains and how genetics and the environment influence those changes. This volume will set the agenda for future developments in psychology and behavioral genetics.

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In this first volume resulting from the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study (MLTS), Emde and Hewitt adeptly organized reams of data comparing genetic and environmental influences on developmental change into six parts and 25 succinct chapters. Part 1 introduces the reader to the multidisciplinary collaboration that is the MLTS, including the sampling and methods used to test infant participants and their parents. Parts 2-4 address temperament, emotion, and cognition as they are impacted by genetic and environmental change. Part 5 examines specific environmental contributions to early childhood development such as maternal perceptions of behavior, perinatal effects, and early predictors of problem behavior, to name a few. Part 6 concludes the work with an eye toward continued MLTS productivity and respect for the complex nature of genetics by environment interactions and their impact on development. Despite the many contributors to this work (most respected in the field) and the highly technical nature of some of the analyses, the book is a superb illustration of how sound research is conducted and written about. Graduate students through professionals. L. Barnes-Young Francis Marion University

Robert N. EmdeJohn K. Hewitt and Robert N. Emde and Robert PlominJoann L. Robinson and Jude McGrath and Robin P. CorleyJerome KaganBeth Manke and Kimberly J. Saudino and Julia D. GrantKimberly J. Saudino and Stacey S. ChernyKimberly J. Saudino and Stacey S. ChernyJerome Kagan and Kimberly J. SaudinoJoann L. Robinson and Robert N. EmdeRobert N. Emde and Joann L. Robinson and Robin P. Corley and Diana Nikkari and Carolyn Zahn-WaxlerCarolyn Zahn-Waxler and Kimberlea Schiro and Joann L. Robinson and Robert N. Emde and Stephanie SchmitzJoann L. Robinson and Robert N. Emde and Robin P. CorleyDavid W. Fulker and Robert PlominSteven M. Wilson and Robin P. Corley and David W. Fulker and J. Steven ReznickStacey S. Cherny and David W. Fulker and Robert N. Emde and Robert Plomin and Robin P. Corley and John C. DefriesSusan Young and Stephanie Schmitz and Robin P. Corley and David W. FulkerRobert N. EmdeShirley McGuire and Anne-Catherine Roch-LevecqJoann L. Robinson and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler and Robert N. EmdeStacey S. Cherny and Kimberly J. Saudino and David W. Fulker and Robert Plomin and Robin P. Corley and John C. DefriesCharles Martin and Scott L. HershbergerMarcie L. Chambers and John K. Hewitt and Stephanie Schmitz and Robin P. Corley and David W. FulkerLorraine F. Kubicek and Robert N. Emde and Stephanie SchmitzStephanie Schmitz and David W. Fulker and Robert N. Emde and Carolyn Zahn-WaxlerRobert Plomin and Robert N. Emde and John K. Hewitt and Jerome Kagan and John C. Defries

Contributors	p. xiii
Part I. Introduction
1. The Dynamics of Development in a Unique Multidisciplinary Collaboration	p. 3
2. The Twin Method: What We Can Learn from a Longitudinal Study	p. 12
3. The Conduct of the Study: Sample and Procedures	p. 23
Part II. Temperament
4. The Structure of Temperament	p. 45
5. Extremes Analyses of Observed Temperament Dimensions	p. 52
6. Parental Ratings of Temperament in Twins	p. 73
7. Sources of Continuity and Change in Observed Temperament	p. 89
8. Behavioral Inhibition and Related Temperaments	p. 111
Part III. Emotion
9. Emotional Development in the Twin Study	p. 123
10. Reactions to Restraint and Anger-Related Expressions during the Second Year	p. 127
11. Empathy and Prosocial Patterns in Young MZ and DZ Twins: Development and Genetic and Environmental Influences	p. 141
12. Dispositional Cheerfulness: Early Genetic and Environmental Influences	p. 163
Part IV. Cognition
13. Cognitive Development, Cognitive Abilities, and Modularity	p. 181
14. Experimental Assessment of Specific Cognitive Abilities during the Second Year of Life	p. 186
15. Continuity and Change in General Cognitive Ability from 14 to 36 Months	p. 206
16. Language and Cognition	p. 221
Part V. Environmental Contributions and Cross-Domain Integrations
17. Context and Specificity of Individual Differences and Their Origins	p. 243
18. Mothers' Perceptions of Differential Treatment of Infant Twins	p. 247
19. Relationship Context as a Moderator of Sources of Individual Differences in Empathic Development	p. 257
20. The Development of Observed Shyness from 14 to 20 Months: Shyness in Context	p. 269
21. Perinatal Effects on General Cognitive Ability, Weight, Height, and Temperament	p. 283
22. Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index	p. 292
23. Temperament, Mental Development, and Language in the Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood	p. 307
24. Early Predictors of Problem Behavior at Age Four	p. 329
Part VI. Major Themes and Conclusions
25. An Experiment in Collaborative Science	p. 355
Index	p. 383

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