MLA handbook for writers of research papers

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Now completely revised and updated, the guide contains detailed information on using computers for research and writing and on citing electronic publications. Features include two-color printing, lie-flat binding, and a complete subject index.

《图书馆杂志》(Library Journal )书评

Gibaldi has been affiliated with the Modern Language Association's (MLA) Book Publishing and Research Program since 1976 and has been involved with every edition of the MLA Handbook. This classic tool for humanities scholars is a collaborative effort by MLA staff members and scholars, especially the Committee on Computers and Emerging Technologies in Teaching and Research. Core guidelines for formal research and writing are retained from earlier editions, but new rules have been developed for citing electronic material. Some sections have been expanded, and new summaries provide quick reference for key ideas, from selecting a topic to writing drafts. At the request of MLA members, an entire chapter addresses fundamental issues of academic honesty for a generation that has come of age amid Napster lawsuits and professional journalistic scandals. Plagiarism is defined in detail, along with examples of instances when source documentation is not needed and examples of copyright infringement. There is a new section on full-text databases and a revised section on evaluation of Internet resources for quality information. The "Citing Electronic Publications" section is more user-friendly and is now enhanced with annotated illustrations. Needed updates will be online at www.mla.org, but there is a growing demand for the entire content of this handbook to be available online as an electronic book. Essential for every high school and post-secondary library.-Betty J. Glass, Univ. of Nevada, Reno (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

Foreword	p. xv
Chapter 1 Research and Writing
1.1. The Research Paper as a Form of Exploration	p. 3
1.2. The Research Paper as a Form of Communication	p. 5
1.3. Selecting a Topic	p. 6
1.3.1. Freedom of Choice	p. 6
1.3.2. Finding an Appropriate Focus	p. 7
1.3.3. Summing Up	p. 7
1.4. Conducting Research	p. 8
1.4.1. The Modern Academic Library	p. 8
1.4.2. Library Research Sources	p. 9
1.4.3. The Central Information System	p. 10
1.4.4. Reference Works	p. 11
1.4.5. The Online Catalog of Library Holdings	p. 20
1.4.6. Full-Text Databases	p. 25
1.4.7. Other Library Resources and Services	p. 30
1.4.8. Internet Sources	p. 31
1.4.9. Summing Up	p. 36
1.5. Compiling a Working Bibliography	p. 37
1.5.1. Keeping Track of Sources	p. 37
1.5.2. Creating a Computer File for the Working Bibliography	p. 37
1.5.3. Recording Essential Publication Information	p. 38
1.5.4. Noting Other Useful Information	p. 40
1.5.5. Verifying Publication Information	p. 40
1.5.6. Converting the Working Bibliography to the Works-Cited List	p. 40
1.5.7. Summing Up	p. 41
1.6. Evaluating Sources	p. 41
1.6.1. Authority	p. 41
1.6.2. Accuracy and Verifiability	p. 44
1.6.3. Currency	p. 45
1.6.4. Summing Up	p. 45
1.7. Taking Notes	p. 46
1.7.1. Methods of Note-Taking	p. 46
1.7.2. Types of Note-Taking	p. 46
1.7.3. Recording Page Numbers	p. 47
1.7.4. Using a Computer for Note-Taking	p. 47
1.7.5. Amount and Accuracy of Note-Taking	p. 47
1.7.6. Summing Up	p. 48
1.8. Outlining	p. 48
1.8.1. Working Outline	p. 48
1.8.2. Thesis Statement	p. 49
1.8.3. Final Outline	p. 51
1.8.4. Summing Up	p. 56
1.9. Writing Drafts	p. 57
1.9.1. The First Draft	p. 57
1.9.2. Subsequent Drafts	p. 57
1.9.3. Writing with a Word Processor	p. 58
1.9.4. The Final Draft and the Research Project Portfolio	p. 59
1.9.5. Summing Up	p. 59
1.10. Language and Style	p. 60
1.11. Guides to Writing	p. 61
Chapter 2 Plagiarism
2.1. Definition of Plagiarism	p. 66
2.2. Consequences of Plagiarism	p. 66
2.3. Information Sharing Today	p. 68
2.4. Unintentional Plagiarism	p. 69
2.5. Forms of Plagiarism	p. 70
2.6. When Documentation Is Not Needed	p. 73
2.7. Other Issues	p. 74
2.7.1. Reusing a Research Paper	p. 74
2.7.2. Collaborative Work	p. 74
2.7.3. Copyright Infringement	p. 74
2.8. Summing Up	p. 75
Chapter 3 The Mechanics of Writing
3.1. Spelling	p. 79
3.1.1. Consistency	p. 79
3.1.2. Word Division	p. 79
3.1.3. Plurals	p. 80
3.1.4. Foreign Words	p. 80
3.2. Punctuation	p. 80
3.2.1. The Purpose of Punctuation	p. 80
3.2.2. Commas	p. 81
3.2.3. Semicolons	p. 85
3.2.4. Colons	p. 86
3.2.5. Dashes and Parentheses	p. 87
3.2.6. Hyphens	p. 88
3.2.7. Apostrophes	p. 90
3.2.8. Quotation Marks	p. 91
3.2.9. Square Brackets	p. 92
3.2.10. Slashes	p. 93
3.2.11. Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points	p. 93
3.2.12. Spacing after Concluding Punctuation Marks	p. 93
3.3. Italics (Underlining)	p. 94
3.3.1. Words and Letters Referred to as Words and Letters	p. 95
3.3.2. Foreign Words in an English Text	p. 95
3.3.3. Emphasis	p. 95
3.4. Names of Persons	p. 96
3.4.1. First and Subsequent Uses of Names	p. 96
3.4.2. Titles of Persons	p. 96
3.4.3. Names of Authors and Fictional Characters	p. 97
3.5. Numbers	p. 97
3.5.1. Arabic Numerals	p. 97
3.5.2. Use of Words or Numerals	p. 98
3.5.3. Commas in Numbers	p. 99
3.5.4. Percentages and Amounts of Money	p. 100
3.5.5. Dates and Times of the Day	p. 100
3.5.6. Inclusive Numbers	p. 101
3.5.7. Roman Numerals	p. 102
3.6. Titles of Works in the Research Paper	p. 102
3.6.1. Capitalization and Punctuation	p. 102
3.6.2. Underlined Titles	p. 104
3.6.3. Titles in Quotation Marks	p. 105
3.6.4. Titles and Quotations within Titles	p. 106
3.6.5. Exceptions	p. 107
3.6.6. Shortened Titles	p. 109
3.7. Quotations	p. 109
3.7.1. Use and Accuracy of Quotations	p. 109
3.7.2. Prose	p. 110
3.7.3. Poetry	p. 111
3.7.4. Drama	p. 113
3.7.5. Ellipsis	p. 114
3.7.6. Other Alterations of Sources	p. 118
3.7.7. Punctuation with Quotations	p. 119
3.7.8. Translations of Quotations	p. 121
3.8. Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other Than English	p. 122
3.8.1. French	p. 122
3.8.2. German	p. 124
3.8.3. Italian	p. 126
3.8.4. Spanish	p. 127
3.8.5. Latin	p. 129
Chapter 4 The Format of the Research Paper
4.1. Printing or Typing	p. 132
4.2. Paper	p. 132
4.3. Margins	p. 132
4.4. Spacing	p. 133
4.5. Heading and Title	p. 133
4.6. Page Numbers	p. 134
4.7. Tables and Illustrations	p. 134
4.8. Corrections and Insertions	p. 137
4.9. Binding	p. 138
4.10. Electronic Submission	p. 138
Chapter 5 Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited
5.1. Documenting Sources	p. 142
5.2. MLA Style	p. 142
5.3. The List of Works Cited and Other Source Lists	p. 144
5.4. Format of the List of Works Cited	p. 145
5.5. Arrangement of Entries	p. 146
5.6. Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications	p. 147
5.6.1. The Basic Entry: A Book by a Single Author	p. 147
5.6.2. An Anthology or a Compilation	p. 152
5.6.3. Two or More Books by the Same Author	p. 153
5.6.4. A Book by Two or More Authors	p. 154
5.6.5. Two or More Books by the Same Authors	p. 156
5.6.6. A Book by a Corporate Author	p. 157
5.6.7. A Work in an Anthology	p. 158
5.6.8. An Article in a Reference Book	p. 160
5.6.9. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword	p. 161
5.6.10. Cross-References	p. 162
5.6.11. An Anonymous Book	p. 163
5.6.12. An Edition	p. 163
5.6.13. A Translation	p. 165
5.6.14. A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition	p. 166
5.6.15. A Multivolume Work	p. 167
5.6.16. A Book in a Series	p. 170
5.6.17. A Republished Book	p. 171
5.6.18. A Publisher's Imprint	p. 172
5.6.19. A Book with Multiple Publishers	p. 173
5.6.20. A Pamphlet	p. 174
5.6.21. A Government Publication	p. 174
5.6.22. The Published Proceedings of a Conference	p. 176
5.6.23. A Book in a Language Other Than English	p. 177
5.6.24. A Book Published before 1900	p. 177
5.6.25. A Book without Stated Publication Information or Pagination	p. 178
5.6.26. An Unpublished Dissertation	p. 179
5.6.27. A Published Dissertation	p. 179
5.7. Citing Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals	p. 180
5.7.1. The Basic Entry: An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination	p. 180
5.7.2. An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Separately	p. 184
5.7.3. An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers	p. 184
5.7.4. An Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One Series	p. 185
5.7.5. An Article in a Newspaper	p. 185
5.7.6. An Article in a Magazine	p. 187
5.7.7. A Review	p. 188
5.7.8. An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal	p. 189
5.7.9. An Anonymous Article	p. 190
5.7.10. An Editorial	p. 190
5.7.11. A Letter to the Editor	p. 191
5.7.12. A Serialized Article	p. 191
5.7.13. A Special Issue	p. 192
5.7.14. An Article in a Microform Collection of Articles	p. 193
5.7.15. An Article Reprinted in a Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles	p. 193
5.8. Citing Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources	p. 194
5.8.1. A Television or Radio Program	p. 194
5.8.2. A Sound Recording	p. 196
5.8.3. A Film or Video Recording	p. 198
5.8.4. A Performance	p. 199
5.8.5. A Musical Composition	p. 200
5.8.6. A Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph	p. 201
5.8.7. An Interview	p. 202
5.8.8. A Map or Chart	p. 203
5.8.9. A Cartoon or Comic Strip	p. 203
5.8.10. An Advertisement	p. 204
5.8.11. A Lecture, a Speech, an Address, or a Reading	p. 204
5.8.12. A Manuscript or Typescript	p. 205
5.8.13. A Letter or Memo	p. 205
5.8.14. A Legal Source	p. 206
5.9. Citing Electronic Publications	p. 207
5.9.1. The Basic Entry: A Document from an Internet Site	p. 207
5.9.2. An Entire Internet Site	p. 216
5.9.3. An Online Book	p. 218
5.9.4. An Article in an Online Periodical	p. 221
5.9.5. A Publication on CD-ROM, Diskette, or Magnetic Tape	p. 224
5.9.6. A Work in More Than One Publication Medium	p. 228
5.9.7. A Work from a Library or Personal Subscription Service	p. 229
5.9.8. A Work in an Indeterminate Medium	p. 230
5.9.9. Other Electronic Sources	p. 231
Chapter 6 Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text
6.1. Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited	p. 238
6.2. Information Required in Parenthetical Documentation	p. 238
6.3. Readability	p. 239
6.4. Sample References	p. 242
6.4.1. Citing an Entire Work, Including a Work with No Page Numbers	p. 242
6.4.2. Citing Part of a Work	p. 244
6.4.3. Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work	p. 247
6.4.4. Citing a Work Listed by Title	p. 247
6.4.5. Citing a Work by a Corporate Author	p. 250
6.4.6. Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors	p. 251
6.4.7. Citing Indirect Sources	p. 252
6.4.8. Citing Literary and Religious Works	p. 253
6.4.9. Citing More Than One Work in a Single Parenthetical Reference	p. 256
6.5. Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation	p. 258
6.5.1. Content Notes	p. 258
6.5.2. Bibliographic Notes	p. 259
Chapter 7 Abbreviations
7.1. Introduction	p. 262
7.2. Time Designations	p. 263
7.3. Geographic Names	p. 264
7.4. Common Scholarly Abbreviations	p. 265
7.5. Publishers' Names	p. 272
7.6. Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading and Correction	p. 274
7.6.1. Selected Proofreading Symbols	p. 274
7.6.2. Common Correction Symbols and Abbreviations	p. 275
7.7. Titles of Literary and Religious Works	p. 275
7.7.1. Bible	p. 276
7.7.2. Shakespeare	p. 278
7.7.3. Chaucer	p. 279
7.7.4. Other Literary Works	p. 280
Appendix A Selected Reference Works by Field
A.1. Anthropology	p. 284
A.2. Art and Architecture	p. 284
A.3. Biology	p. 285
A.4. Business	p. 285
A.5. Chemistry	p. 286
A.6. Computer Science	p. 286
A.7. Education	p. 287
A.8. Environmental Sciences	p. 287
A.9. Geography	p. 288
A.10. Geology	p. 288
A.11. History	p. 289
A.12. Language and Literature	p. 289
A.13. Law	p. 291
A.14. Mathematics	p. 291
A.15. Medicine	p. 291
A.16. Music	p. 292
A.17. Philosophy	p. 292
A.18. Physics	p. 293
A.19. Psychology	p. 293
A.20. Religion	p. 294
A.21. Science and Technology	p. 294
A.22. Sociology	p. 295
Appendix B Other Systems of Documentation
B.1. Endnotes and Footnotes	p. 298
B.1.1. Documentation Notes versus the List of Works Cited and Parenthetical References	p. 298
B.1.2. Note Numbers	p. 298
B.1.3. Note Form versus Bibliographic Form	p. 299
B.1.4. Endnotes versus Footnotes	p. 299
B.1.5. Sample First Note References: Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications	p. 300
B.1.6. Sample First Note References: Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals	p. 303
B.1.7. Sample First Note References: Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources	p. 306
B.1.8. Sample First Note References: Electronic Publications	p. 309
B.1.9. Subsequent References	p. 312
B.2. Author-Date System	p. 313
B.3. Number System	p. 315
B.4. Specialized Style Manuals	p. 316
Sample Pages of a Research Paper in MLA Style	p. 319
Index	p. 323

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