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摘要
摘要
Designed for use in intensive one or two day courses for currently practicing healthcare professionals, this volume concentrates on the theory and technical skills of blood specimen collection. The user-friendly text provides a compact learning tool for the cross-training and continuing education of healthcare personnel.
评论 (1)
Doody 图书评论
This small paperback is an amazingly concise yet comprehensive book covering all aspects of phlebotomy and blood collection procedures. The authors intend this to serve as a short cross-training and/or continuing educational course for practicing healthcare personnel. It is specifically designed for nurses and other healthcare personnel who perform phlebotomy. This is a much needed addition to the field, and the authors have admirably achieved their goal of a concise yet comprehensive book on phlebotomy and blood collection. This book would be appropriate for anyone performing phlebotomy. This includes healthcare personnel (nurses, medical assistants) as well as medical students, residents, and professional phlebotomists. In under 100 pages of text, this book successfully captures all phlebotomy issues important in collecting a quality blood specimen. It is replete with great photographs clearly demonstrating the preferred techniques, supplies, and collection procedures. Each of the six units has clearly defined learning objectives followed by self-assessment exercises and there is a comprehensive test at the end of the six units. There are useful technical tips in the margins, visible at a glance. The appendixes contain valuable information in concise tables, including correlation of specific laboratory tests with clinical conditions, flushing protocols for blood obtained via preexisting intravenous line access, required tube type, and minimum volume of blood necessary to perform specific tests. I enjoyed the section dealing with complications of phlebotomy, and I am pleased that a discussion of chain of custody is included. A very useful feature is the color reproduction on the inside covers of a Becton-Dickinson poster demonstrating the different types of tubes (distinguished by different color caps), the additive, the recommended number of tube inversions, and the laboratory tests that can be performed. This is a GREAT book on phlebotomy. I recommend this for anyone needing a quick course on how to perform phlebotomy and obtain the correct specimen types. I am giving a copy to my own phlebotomy staff for inclusion in their training program. Valerie L. Ng, PhD, MD(University of California San Francisco). Copyright 2001, Doody Publishing
目录
Unit 1 Introduction to Blood Collection | p. 1 |
Learning Objectives | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Importance of Correct Specimen Collection and Handling | p. 2 |
Safety Precautions | p. 2 |
Types of Specimen | p. 3 |
Quality Assurance | p. 5 |
Unit 2 Venipuncture Equipment | p. 6 |
Learning Objectives | p. 6 |
Introduction | p. 6 |
Organization of Equipment | p. 7 |
Evacuated Tube System | p. 7 |
Needles | p. 7 |
Adapters/Holders | p. 9 |
Needle Disposal Systems | p. 11 |
Collection Tubes | p. 15 |
Color-Coding of Tubes | p. 16 |
Order of Draw | p. 18 |
Syringes | p. 19 |
Winged Infusion Sets | p. 21 |
Tourniquets | p. 23 |
Gloves | p. 24 |
Antiseptics | p. 24 |
Gauze/Bandages | p. 24 |
Additional Supplies | p. 24 |
Quality Control | p. 24 |
Venipuncture Equipment Selection Exercise | p. 25 |
Unit 3 Routine Venipuncture | p. 27 |
Learning Objectives | p. 27 |
Introduction | p. 27 |
Blood Collection Procedure | p. 28 |
Examine the Requisition Form | p. 28 |
Greet the Patient | p. 28 |
Identify the Patient | p. 29 |
Prepare the Patient | p. 29 |
Wash Hands and Apply Gloves | p. 30 |
Select Equipment | p. 30 |
Apply the Tourniquet | p. 31 |
Select the Venipuncture Site | p. 33 |
Cleanse the Site | p. 35 |
Examine and Assemble Puncture Equipment | p. 35 |
Perform the Venipuncture | p. 36 |
Remove the Needle | p. 37 |
Dispose of the Contaminated Needle | p. 37 |
Label the Tubes | p. 38 |
Bandage the Patient's Arm | p. 39 |
Dispose of Used Supplies | p. 39 |
Thank the Patient | p. 39 |
Deliver Specimens to the Laboratory | p. 39 |
Summary of Venipuncture Technique with a Vacuum | p. 40 |
Evaluation of Venipuncture Technique Using an Evacuated Tube System | p. 41 |
Unit 4 Complications and Additional Techniques | p. 42 |
Learning Objectives | p. 42 |
Introduction | p. 42 |
Failure to Obtain Blood | p. 42 |
Hematomas | p. 44 |
Hemolyzed Specimens | p. 44 |
Specimen Contamination | p. 45 |
Technical Problems | p. 45 |
Patient Complications | p. 46 |
Use of Syringes | p. 47 |
Use of Winged Infusion Sets | p. 47 |
Use of Central Venous Catheters | p. 49 |
Cannulas and Fistuals | p. 50 |
Causes of Specimen Rejection | p. 50 |
Venipuncture Complications Situations Exercise | p. 51 |
Unit 5 Special Venipuncture Collection | p. 53 |
Learning Objectives | p. 53 |
Introduction | p. 53 |
Fasting and Timed Specimens | p. 53 |
Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose | p. 54 |
Glucose Tolerance Test | p. 54 |
Diurnal Variation | p. 55 |
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | p. 55 |
Blood Cultures | p. 55 |
Special Specimen Handling Procedures | p. 56 |
Cold Agglutinins | p. 56 |
Chilled Specimens | p. 57 |
Specimens Sensitive to Light | p. 57 |
Legal Specimens | p. 67 |
Special Venipuncture Collection Situations Exercise | p. 57 |
Unit 6 Dermal Puncture | p. 60 |
Learning Objectives | p. 60 |
Introduction | p. 60 |
Importance of Correct Collection | p. 61 |
Composition of Capillary Blood | p. 61 |
Dermal Puncture Equipment | p. 61 |
Skin Puncture Devices | p. 62 |
Microspecimen Containers | p. 64 |
Capillary Tubes | p. 64 |
Micropipets | p. 65 |
Microcollection Tubes | p. 65 |
Micropipet and Dilution System | p. 65 |
Dermal Puncture Procedure | p. 65 |
Prepuncture Preparation | p. 65 |
Patient Preparation | p. 65 |
Site Selection | p. 66 |
Heel Puncture Sites | p. 66 |
Finger Puncture Sites | p. 67 |
Summary of Dermal Puncture Site Selection | p. 67 |
Cleansing the Site | p. 68 |
Performing the Puncture | p. 68 |
Specimen Collection | p. 69 |
Order of Collection | p. 70 |
Labeling the Specimen | p. 70 |
Completion of the Procedure | p. 70 |
Summary of the Dermal Puncture Procedure | p. 71 |
Evaluation of Finger Stick | p. 71 |
Appendix 1 Lecture Outlines | p. 73 |
Appendix 2 Comprehensive Test | p. 77 |
Appendix 3 Laboratory Tests and the Required Types of Anticoagulants and Volume of Blood Required | p. 81 |
Appendix 4 IV Access: Flush Protocols | p. 83 |
Appendix 5 Clinical Correlations of Blood Tests Related to Body Systems | p. 91 |
Appendix 6 Answer Keys | p. 95 |
Index | p. 97 |