可借阅:*
图书馆 | 资料类型 | 排架号 | 子计数 | 书架位置 | 状态 | 图书预约 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
正在检索... Science | Book | EWC1015 | 1 | Reserve desk | 正在检索... 未知 | 正在检索... 不可借阅 |
链接这些题名
已订购
摘要
摘要
Addressing the growing responsibilities and multiple concerns facing those in wildlife management today, this informative, well-organized book offers an enlightening introduction to wildlife management in the United States. It provides a sound historical background and a firm foundation on principles, and reflects current trends of wildlife management and species groups. Chapter topics discuss wildlife populations, habitat manipulation, management techniques, legislation, career information, endangered species, special interest groups, and current trends and issues confronting wildlife management in the 21st century. For wildlife biologists, and agency personnel with state and federal agencies (Fish and Wildlife Service, Park Service, Forest Service, and Land Management).
摘录
摘录
Because wildlife management takes on many roles in the United States, the wildlife manager must confront many complicated questions. For example, does the public have the right to hunt, fish, and look for wildlife on private land? How does wildlife management relate to the objectives of the private landowner? Who should mange wildlife resources? Although much of the land in the eastern, central, and southern United States is privately owned, a large proportion of land in the Rocky Mountains, the northwest, and, to a lesser extent, the southwest belongs to the public. Wildlife management on these publicly owned lands involves cooperation among private, state, arid federal agency personnel. The wildlife manager must also work with politicians to resolve pressing environmental and biological problems. Because of increased public interest in wildlife resources, politicians have begun to play an even more important role in wildlife-management decisions. However, sometimes these decisions ignore important biological questions. Although wildlife legislation has evolved to settle some disputes, defining wildlife and wildlife management often creates gray areas. As a consequence, new subdivisions are forming in wildlife management. For example, specialties in animal damage control have been created to reduce the impact of wildlife on humans and human activity. Other wildlife-management disciplines include endangered-species biologists, nongame biologists, urban-wildlife managers, and raptor specialists. Wildlife management not only involves the direct manipulation of wildlife populations and their habitats but also consists of educational programs. These programs help private landowners to achieve their management objectives. Education also cultivates public awareness of such issues as wildlife conservation and the use of wildlife by hunters of big game, small game, or waterfowl; fishermen and fisherwomen; photographers; and wildlife watchers. In 1935, Aldo Leopold published the text Game Management because he recognized the need for providing academic training for wildlife managers. Throughout his life, he stressed the importance of a holistic approach toward managing wildlife. This approach has continued in recent years with developments in ecology and wildlife-management philosophies and techniques. We now study communities and ecosystems, realizing that game animals as well as all other wildlife are integral to these units--no one part exists or can be adequately managed without the other parts. Training for wildlife managers has evolved from on-the-job field experience to include academic courses in areas such as biology, physiology, botany, forestry, and ecology. The applied situations in Managing Our Wildlife Resources pull many of these areas together and provide undergraduate students with techniques on how these disciplines are used to get the job done. Training today in all wildlife disciplines requires a strong foundation in the dynamics of wildlife populations and their habitat needs. Most curricula provide such a foundation. The wildlife manager must understand the evolution of wildlife management, laws governing management, and the impact of politics on management. Academic training, however, has not replaced on-the-job training. Knowledge gained in the classroom can only provide a foundation for a better understanding of, and for answers to, the complex questions and problems encountered in the field. Managing Our Wildlife Resources bridges the gap between the academic arena and the field. The purpose of this book is to relate biological concepts to wildlife management and to present management techniques that can be used at the different levels of wildlife management--field, regional, national, and international. The tools for and constraints on wildlife management and the wildlife manager are addressed throughout the book. Selected examples are used in each chapter. Managing Our Wildlife Resources was written to meet the needs of students preparing for a career in wildlife management and people interested in our wildlife resources. What do wildlife resource managers need to know? They must understand how populations grow and interact with each other and with the natural system; how habitats support species and communities; and how to control the populations and habitats of not just one or a few wildlife species, but of the great diversity of species, each with different needs. Managers must also understand the management principles, planning processes, impact predictions, and possible results of different techniques. Part 1 describes the meaning of wildlife management. A brief history of the subject is presented, and attitudes toward wildlife are discussed. Part 2 discusses principles of population ecology, including birth and death rates; genetic composition; growth; and the interaction, regulation, and movement of populations. Methods of measuring the characteristics of populations, manipulation techniques, and the purpose and meaning of population models are presented. Wildlife habitat is the subject of Part 3. There we discuss the habitat needs of species and the ways in which managers can meet those needs. Techniques for managing habitats and the impact of environmental changes on wildlife habitats are included. In Part 4, we examine the background the manager needs to set goals. This examination covers the legislative context, the relationship between the planning process and the administrative role of managers, and the methods of evaluating public desires. We develop a personality profile and describe the background and skills of wildlife managers. Management techniques for different groups of animals receive attention in Part 5. Included is information on the biology, behavior, population dynamics, and-habitats of these groups. Chapters are devoted to big-game and nongame animals, small mammals, waterfowl, shore and upland birds, fish, endangered species, and damage due to animals. Techniques involving the manipulation of populations and habitats are treated as they apply to each group. Our examples show how management makes an impact on species. In each chapter of Part 5, a group of species is selected to show how management efforts can affect those animals. The species are selected to represent an array of wildlife across the North American continent and to cover examples from different taxa in nongame species. Each chapter in the book includes a summary and a series of questions. The questions are helpful in highlighting some of the many facets of wildlife management and relating management practices to principles of ecology. The student should develop an understanding of wildlife populations and habitat-manipulation techniques that can be applied to different management needs. Most of all, the student should see how effective management involves not only biological knowledge but also effective communication and public relations skills. The gathering and sorting of data and material for the text, tables, and figures in this book have involved many people. I would like to thank some of the major contributors to this effort: John Cook assisted with library searches and data assimilation; Bob Lanka and Cathy Raley assisted with data collection; Kevin Gutzwiller, Doug Inkley, George Menkens, Wayne Hubert, Willie Suchy, Chris Maser, and Donna Anderson provided highly useful comments on the manuscript; and Becky Anderson, Nellore Collins, and Angela Brummond assisted in preparing the manuscript. I also wish to thank my colleagues in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and the University of Wyoming Zoology Department for their helpful suggestions and assistance. Donald Van Meter (Ball State University), Samuel J. Mazzer (Kent State University), and James S. Wakeley (Pennsylvania State University) provided helpful reviews of the first edition of this text. Doug Crowe and Archie Reeve provided excellent comprehensive reviews of the entire text. Stanley H. Anderson Preface to the Fourth Edition There have been many changes in the world since Managing Our Wildlife Resources was first published in 1985, due primarily to ever-increasing numbers of people. These changes have significantly affected our wildlife resources, although the principles of management have remained the same: the control of populations, the maintenance of habitat, and the management of people in order to sustain wildlife. I have tried to show how the changes have affected wildlife management in this edition. All chapters have been updated. Changes in legislation, new and updated techniques, public perceptions, and the current status of all species of wildlife are discussed. The differences between private and public land management for wildlife are included. Boxed examples of how the concepts in the chapter have been applied are included in each chapter. Perhaps the biggest change facing wildlife managers today is the power available to them through the political processes. Everyone from business people to landowners to conservation groups are lobbying state and federal agencies to conduct actions that affect our natural resources. Never does a day pass by without articles in the news media about our wildlife resources. This is a power that wildlife managers have sought and must now be prepared to use. It changes the skills needed by the manager but does not change the techniques of management. It requires knowledge and training beyond college coursework. Truly the experience and the ability to deal with a variety of people now comes into play every day in the life of a wildlife manager. In the fourth edition of Managing Our Wildlife Resources, I try to provide some of the many examples of techniques needed and used by managers in handling this new power. I am grateful for the help and input of many people in preparing this revision. The users of the earlier editions had many helpful suggestions. I very much appreciate the great ideas, rewarding discussions, and research results from the graduate students and research associates at the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Many people provided data and information for this revision, including Mark McKinstry, Greg Anderson, Fred Lindzey, Wayne Hubert, Tom Moore, Beth Williams, Loren Ayers, Kira Young, Kimberly Skylander, Rob Channell, and Dr. David Hacker. My thanks to all of them. Christine Waters and Linda Ohler were of immense help in preparing the manuscript. Excerpted from Managing Our Wildlife Resources by Stanley H. Anderson All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.目录
I Managing Our Wildlife Resources |
1 What Is Wildlife Management? |
II Wildlife Populations |
2 Characteristics of Wildlife Populations |
3 Population Growth and Interactions |
4 Population Movements and Measurements |
5 Population Modeling |
III Wildlife Habitat |
6 Environmental Conditions Necessary for Survival |
7 Habitat Management |
8 Habitat Alteration |
IV Setting Goals |
9 Impacts and Mitigation |
10 Legislation and Wildlife Management |
11 The Wildlife Manager |
12 Wildlife Administration |
13 Planning |
14 Goals and Desires of the Public |
V Management Applications |
15 Big Game |
16 Small Mammals |
17 Waterfowl |
18 Shore and Upland Birds |
19 Fisheries |
20 Nongame |
21 Endangered Species |
22 Animal Damage |
23 Putting It All Together |
Appendix 1 Selected Fish and Wildlife Management Agencies |
Appendix 2 Specialized Societies |
Glossary |