Patrick R. MurrayDavid L. Sewell and James D. MacLowrySusan E. SharpJ. Michael Miller and Harvey T. HolmesBarbara S. Reisner and Gail L. Woods and Richard B. Thomson, Jr. and Davise H. Larone and Lynne S. Garcia and Robyn Y. ShimizuJohn E. McGowan, Jr. and Beverly G. MetchockRobert D. ArbeitAndreas F. Widmer and Reno FreiAndreas VossBala Swaminathan and James Beebe and John BesserJ. Michael Miller and Caroline M. O'HaraJames B. Mahony and Max A. CherneskyYi-Wei Tang and David H. PersingMary Jane Ferraro and Peter H. Gilligan and J. Michael Janda and Alexander von GraevenitzPatrick A. D. GrimontKathryn L. RuoffWesley E. Kloos and Tammy L. BannermanKathryn L. Ruoff and R. A. Whiley and D. BeightonRichard R. Facklam and Daniel F. Sahm and Lucia Martins TeixeiraKathryn L. RuoffGuido FunkeGuido Funke and Kathryn A. BernardJacques Bille and Jocelyne Rocourt and Bala SwaminathanNiall A. Logan and Peter C. B. TurnbullJune M. Brown and Michael M. McNeil and Edward P. DesmondBeverly G. Metchock and Frederick S. Nolte and Richard J. Wallace, Jr.Paul C. Schreckenberger and J. Michael Janda and Jane D. Wong and Ellen Jo BaronJ. J. Farmer IIICheryl A. Bopp and Frances W. Brenner and Joy G. Wells and Nancy A. StrockbineSharon AbbottStojanka Aleksic and Jochen BockemuhlDavid L. TisonMartin AltweggDeanna L. Kiska and Peter H. GilliganPeter H. Gilligan and Susan WhittierPaul C. Schreckenberger and Alexander Von GraevenitzReinier MuttersWashington C. Winn, Jr.Joan S. Knapp and Emily H. KoumansJoseph M. CamposJorg E. HoppeDaniel S. Shapiro and Jane D. WongBarry Holmes and M. John Pickett and Dannie G. HollisDavid F. Welch and Leonard N. SlaterJane D. Wong and Daniel S. ShapiroEllen Jo Baron and Diane M. CitronStephen D. Allen and Christopher L. Emery and Jean A. SidersArne C. Rodloff and Sharon L. Hillier and Bernard J. MonclaHannele R. Jousimies-Somer and Paula H. Summanen and Sydney M. FinegoldPatrick R. MurrayIrving NachamkinJames Versalovic and James G. FoxRobbin S. Weyant and Sandra L. Bragg and Arnold F. KaufmannTom G. Schwan and Willy Burgdorfer and Patricia A. RosaSandra A. Larsen and Steven J. Norris and Victoria PopePatrick R. MurrayKen B. Waites and David Taylor-RobinsonJulius Schachter and Walter E. StammDavid H. WalkerThomas J. Marrie and Didier RaoultJ. Stephen DumlerJoseph L. MelnickRobert H. Yolken and David A. Lennette and Thomas F. Smith and Joseph L. WanerJorg SchupbachCharlene S. Dezzutti and Renu B. LalAnn M. Arvin and Charles G. ProberRichard L. HodinkaAnne A. Gershon and Philip LaRussa and Sharon P. SteinbergEvelyne T. LennetteJohn A. Stewart and Joanne L. Patton and Evelyne T. LennetteThedi Ziegler and Nancy J. CoxJoseph L. WanerDebra A. Tristram and Robert C. WelliverAimo A. SalmiElla M. SwierkoszMax A. Chernesky and James B. MahonyGoran Wadell and Annika Allard and John C. HierholzerMarie L. LandryHarley A. RotbartMary L. ChristensenMartin PetricJinhua Xiang and Jack T. StapletonF. Blaine Hollinger and Jules L. DienstagJudith C. WilberJohn R. TicehurstNancy B. KiviatEugene O. MajorMarialuisa Zerbini and Monica MusianiJean S. SmithTheodore F. TsaiPeter B. JahrlingSusan L. Ropp and Joseph J. Esposito and Vladimir N. Loparev and Gregory J. PalumboDavid M. AsherDennis M. Dixon and Judith C. Rhodes and Robert A. FromtlingWilliam G. Merz and Glenn D. RobertsNancy G. Warren and Kevin C. HazenW. Keith Hadley and Valerie L. NGLynne Sigler and Michael J. KennedyMalcolm D. Richardson and Gillian S. ShanklandDavise H. Larone and Thomas G. Mitchell and Thomas J. WalshJulius Kane and Richard C. SummerbellWiley A. Schell and Ira F. Salkin and Lester Pasarell and Michael R. McGinnisArvind A. Padhye and Michael R. McGinnisLynne S. Garcia and David A. BrucknerLynne S. Garcia and Robyn Y. Shimizu and Josephine C. PalmerWilliam O. RogersDavid A. Bruckner and Jaime A. LabarcaMarianna Wilson and James B. McAuleyGovinda S. VisvesvaraAmy L. Leber and Susan M. NovakYnes R. OrtegaRainer Weber and Elizabeth U. CanningLawrence R. Ash and Thomas C. OrihelThomas C. Orihel and Lawrence R. AshThomas R. FritscheJohn D. Turnidge and James H. JorgensenJoseph D. C. Yao and Robert C. Moellering, Jr.Richard Quintiliani, Jr. and Daniel F. Sahm and Patrice CourvalinJames H. Jorgensen and John D. Turnidge and John A. WashingtonJanet A. Hindler and Jana M. SwensonDavid W. HechtJana M. Swenson and Janet A. Hindler and Lance R. PetersonFred C. Tenover and J. Kamile RasheedMary Jane Ferraro and James H. JorgensenClark B. Inderlied and Max SalfingerElla M. Swierkosz and Richard L. HodinkaAna Espinel-Ingroff and Theodore White and Michael A. PfallerPhuc Nguyen-Dinh and W. Evan SecorTsai-Ling Lauderdale and Kimberle C. Chapin and Patrick R. MurrayKimberle C. Chapin and Patrick R. MurrayKimberle C. Chapin and Patrick R. Murray

Editorial Board	p. xi
Contributors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xxi
Section I General Issues in Clinical Microbiology	p. 1
1 Introduction to the Seventh Edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology	p. 3
2 Laboratory Management	p. 4
3 Commensal and Pathogenic Microorganisms of Humans	p. 23
4 Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage	p. 33
5 Specimen Processing	p. 64
Section II The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Infection Control and Prevention	p. 105
6 Infection Control Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology	p. 107
7 Laboratory Procedures for the Epidemiologic Analysis of Microorganisms	p. 116
8 Decontamination, Disinfection, and Sterilization	p. 138
9 Prevention and Control of Laboratory-Acquired Infections	p. 165
10 Investigation of Foodborne and Waterborne Disease Outbreaks	p. 174
Section III Diagnostic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology	p. 191
11 Manual and Automated Systems for Microbial Identification	p. 193
12 Immunoassays for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases	p. 202
13 Molecular Detection and Identification of Microorganisms	p. 215
Section IV Bacteriology	p. 246
14 Taxonomy and Classification of Bacteria	p. 249
Gram-Positive Cocci
15 Algorithm for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci	p. 262
16 Staphylococcus and Micrococcus	p. 264
17 Streptococcus	p. 283
18 Enterococcus	p. 297
19 Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Stomatococcus, and Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci That Grow Aerobically	p. 306
Gram-Positive Rods
20 Algorithm for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods	p. 316
21 Coryneform Gram-Positive Rods	p. 319
22 Listeria, Erysipelothrix, and Kurthia	p. 346
23 Bacillus and Recently Derived Genera	p. 357
24 Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordona, Actinomadura, Streptomyces, and Other Actinomycetes of Medical Importance	p. 370
25 Mycobacterium	p. 399
Gram-Negative Bacteria
26 Algorithms for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria	p. 438
27 Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification	p. 442
28 Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella	p. 459
29 Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia	p. 475
30 Yersinia and Other Enterobacteriaceae	p. 483
31 Vibrio	p. 497
32 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas	p. 507
33 Pseudomonas	p. 517
34 Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, and Acidovorax	p. 526
35 Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Moraxella, Methylobacterium, and Other Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods	p. 539
36 Actinobacillus, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Kingella, and Other Fastidious or Rarely Encountered Gram-Negative Rods	p. 561
37 Legionella	p. 572
38 Neisseria and Branhamella	p. 586
39 Haemophilus	p. 604
40 Bordetella	p. 614
41 Brucella	p. 625
42 Pasteurella	p. 632
43 Bartonella and Afipia	p. 638
44 Francisella	p. 647
Anaerobic Bacteria
45 Algorithm for Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria	p. 652
46 Clostridium	p. 654
47 Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, and Other Non-Spore-Forming Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria	p. 672
48 Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods and Cocci	p. 690
Curved and Spiral-Shaped Gram-Negative Rods
49 Algorithms for Identification of Curved and Spiral-Shaped Gram-Negative Rods	p. 712
50 Campylobacter and Arcobacter	p. 716
51 Helicobacter	p. 727
52 Leptospira and Leptonema	p. 739
53 Borrelia	p. 746
54 Treponema and Other Host-Associated Spirochetes	p. 759
Mycoplasmas and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
55 Algorithms for Identification of Mycoplasmas, Ureaplasma, and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria	p. 777
56 Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma	p. 782
57 Chlamydia	p. 795
58 Rickettsia	p. 807
59 Coxiella	p. 815
60 Ehrlichia	p. 821
Section V Virology	p. 832
61 Taxonomy and Classification of Viruses	p. 835
62 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Viruses	p. 843
63 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses	p. 847
64 Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II	p. 871
65 Herpes Simplex Viruses	p. 878
66 Human Cytomegalovirus	p. 888
67 Varicella-Zoster Virus	p. 900
68 Epstein-Barr Virus	p. 912
69 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 and Herpes B Virus	p. 919
70 Influenza Viruses	p. 928
71 Parainfluenza Viruses	p. 936
72 Respiratory Syncytial Virus	p. 942
73 Measles Virus	p. 951
74 Mumps Virus	p. 959
75 Rubella Virus	p. 964
76 Adenoviruses	p. 970
77 Rhinoviruses	p. 983
78 Enteroviruses	p. 990
79 Rotaviruses	p. 999
80 Caliciviruses, Astroviruses, and Other Diarrheic Viruses	p. 1005
81 Hepatitis A Virus	p. 1014
82 Hepatitis B and D Viruses	p. 1025
83 Hepatitis C and G Viruses	p. 1043
84 Hpatitis E Virus	p. 1053
85 Human Papillomavirus	p. 1070
86 Polyomaviruses	p. 1080
87 Human Parvoviruses	p. 1089
88 Rabies Virus	p. 1099
89 Arboviruses	p. 1107
90 Filoviruses and Arenaviruses	p. 1125
91 Poxviruses Infecting Humans	p. 1137
92 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies	p. 1145
Section VI Mycology	p. 1159
93 Taxonomy, Classification, and Morphology of the Fungi	p. 1161
94 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Fungi	p. 1167
95 Candida, Cryptococcus, and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance	p. 1184
96 Pneumocystis	p. 1200
97 Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Other Opportunistic Moniliaceous Fungi	p. 1212
98 Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia, and Other Agents of Systemic and Subcutaneous Zygomycoses	p. 1242
99 Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Other Dimorphic Fungi Causing Systemic Mycoses	p. 1259
100 Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Agents of Superficial Mycoses	p. 1275
101 Bipolaris, Exophiala, Scedosporium, Sporothrix, and Other Dematiaceous Fungi	p. 1295
102 Fungi Causing Eumycotic Mycetoma	p. 1318
Section VII Parasitology	p. 1327
103 Taxonomy and Classification of Human Parasites	p. 1329
104 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Parasites	p. 1336
105 Plasmodium and Babesia	p. 1355
106 Leishmania and Trypanosoma	p. 1365
107 Toxoplasma	p. 1374
108 Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amebae	p. 1383
109 Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates	p. 1391
110 Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Isospora	p. 1406
111 Microsporidia	p. 1413
112 Intestinal Helminths	p. 1421
113 Tissue Helminths	p. 1436
114 Arthopods of Medical Importance	p. 1449
Section VIII Antimicrobial Agents and Susceptibility Testing	p. 1467
115 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: General Considerations	p. 1469
116 Antibacterial Agents	p. 1474
117 Mechanisms of Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents	p. 1505
118 Antibacterial Susceptibility Tests: Dilution and Disk Diffusion Methods	p. 1526
119 Susceptibility Testing of Fastidious Bacteria	p. 1544
120 Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria	p. 1555
121 Special Phenotypic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial Resistance	p. 1563
122 Genetic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial and Antiviral Resistance Genes	p. 1578
123 Susceptibility Testing Instrumentation and Computerized Expert Systems for Data Analysis and Interpretation	p. 1593
124 Antimycobacterial Agents and Susceptibility Tests	p. 1601
125 Antiviral Agents and Susceptibility Tests	p. 1624
126 Antifungal Agents and Susceptibility Tests	p. 1640
127 Antiparasitic Agents and Susceptibility Tests	p. 1653
Section IX Reagents, Stains, and Media	p. 1663
128 Reagents	p. 1665
129 Stains	p. 1674
130 Media	p. 1687
Author Index	p. 1709
Subject Index	p. 1711