Sweeping changes in infection control and disease containment have had a significant impact on dentistry in the past decade. Because dental assistants are more likely to assume responsibility for this area of dental practice, it is necessary that students enrolled in dental assisting programs receive stringent training and education in infection control and environmental health. Infection Control for Dental Assistants addresses the requirements of the national Infection Control Examination (ICE) as set forth by the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) Task Analysis. The text is separated into five major areas according to their relevance to the dental assistant's role in infectious disease prevention, and contains numerous hands-on procedures and assessment questions designed to help readers track their comprehension and retention of presented material. Infection Control for Dental Assistants will also be helpful as a refresher resource for dental assistants already in private practice and as a chairside reference.

Acid Etch Materials

Foreword	p. xvii
Preface	p. xix
About the Author	p. xxiii
Acknowledgments	p. xxv
Section I Microbiology and Disease Prevention Specific to Dentistry	p. 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Microbiology	p. 3
The Importance of Infection Control in the Dental Office	p. 4
The Six Components in the Chain of Infection Control	p. 4
Types of Infections	p. 14
The Five Stages of Infectious Disease	p. 15
The Immune System	p. 16
Diseases of Concern to the Dental Assistant	p. 17
Chapter 2 Disease Prevention in the Dental Office	p. 25
Infection Control in Dentistry: Goals for Reducing Cross-Contamination	p. 26
Ten Basic Principles of Infection Control	p. 27
Handwashing: The First Line of Defense in Disease Prevention	p. 31
Procedure Into Practice: Handwashing	p. 33
Risk Reduction at Chairside	p. 35
Chapter 3 Patient Assessment	p. 41
Function and Importance of a Medical/Dental History	p. 42
Latex Sensitivity	p. 44
Completing Medical/Dental History Forms	p. 45
Related Forms	p. 48
Chapter 4 Legal and Ethical Considerations of Infection Control	p. 53
Legal and Ethical Responsibilities	p. 54
Professional Standards of the Dental Assistant	p. 54
Maintaining Confidentiality of Patients' Records	p. 56
The Americans with Disabilities Act	p. 59
Risk Management and Quality Assurance Strategies to Prevent Malpractice	p. 63
Section II National Guidelines, Recommendations, and Regulations Affecting Dental Practice	p. 71
Chapter 5 Regulatory Government Agencies and National Associations	p. 73
The Role of Government Agencies	p. 74
Complying with Local, State, and Federal Regulations	p. 74
Differences and Distinctions	p. 74
Organizations for Dental Assistants	p. 77
Chapter 6 The Dental Office Safety Supervisor	p. 81
Role of the Office Safety Trainer	p. 82
Training Organization	p. 82
Twelve Tasks of the Office Safety Supervisor	p. 83
Section III Infection Control Techniques in the Dental Office	p. 91
Chapter 7 Personal Safety and Barrier Protection	p. 93
Hepatitis B and Other Recommended Vaccinations	p. 94
Identifying Employees at Risk: Exposure Determination by Categories	p. 94
Universal Precautions: Gloves, Masks, Eyewear, and Outer Protective Clothing	p. 96
Types of Gloves Used in Dentistry	p. 96
Masks	p. 101
Eyewear	p. 101
Scrubs or Protective Outer Garments	p. 102
Laundering of Reusable PPE	p. 103
Guidelines for Putting On and Removing PPE	p. 104
Procedure Into Practice: Donning PPE	p. 104
Procedure Into Practice: Removing PPE	p. 105
Eyewash Stations	p. 107
Sharps Management and Disposal	p. 107
Procedure Into Practice: Emergency Eyewash Procedure	p. 108
Procedure Into Practice: Minimizing Personal Injury from Contaminated Sharps	p. 110
Handling an Accidental Exposure	p. 111
Procedure Into Practice: What the Dental Assistant Must Do in the Event of Accidental Exposure	p. 113
Procedure Into Practice: What the Dentist/Employer Must Do in the Event of an Accidental Exposure	p. 113
Chapter 8 Instrument Recirculation	p. 117
Introduction to Instrument Recirculation	p. 118
Critical, Semicritical, and Noncritical Classifications	p. 118
Processing Contaminated Instruments	p. 119
After Completion of a Chairside Procedure	p. 119
Procedure Into Practice: Processing Contaminated Instruments	p. 120
Instrument Precleaning/Soaking	p. 120
Instrument Scrubbing	p. 121
Procedure Into Practice: Manual Instrument Scrubbing	p. 122
Procedure Into Practice: Ultrasonically Scrubbing Instruments	p. 124
Disinfection versus Sterilization	p. 125
Procedure Into Practice: Chemical Disinfection of Instruments That Cannot Be Heat Sterilized	p. 126
Sterilization	p. 127
Accepted Methods of Sterilization	p. 127
Procedure Into Practice: Instructions for Operating the Autoclave	p. 131
Processing High-Speed Dental Handpieces	p. 134
Procedure Into Practice: Handpiece Sterilization Steps	p. 135
Procedure Into Practice: Packaging Instruments and Loading the Sterilizer	p. 137
Sterilizer Monitoring	p. 138
Procedure Into Practice: Maintaining a Sterilization Monitoring Log	p. 138
Storage of Sterilized Instruments	p. 140
Most Common Reasons for Instrument Sterilization Failure	p. 141
Chapter 9 Environmental Surface and Equipment Asepsis	p. 145
The Need for Surface Disinfection	p. 146
Chemical Disinfectants	p. 147
Spray-Wipe-Spray Technique	p. 149
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for Mixing, Handling, and Discarding Chemical Sterilants and Disinfectants	p. 150
Placement of Protective Barriers	p. 150
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for the Spray-Wipe-Spray Technique	p. 151
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for Placing and Removing Environmental Surface Barriers	p. 153
Chapter 10 Dental Laboratory Asepsis	p. 157
The Importance of Infection Control Procedures in the Dental Office Laboratory	p. 158
Procedure Into Practice: Disinfection of a Dental Prosthesis or Orthodontic Appliance	p. 162
Disinfection of Dental Impressions	p. 163
Disinfection of Related Dental Laboratory Items	p. 165
Asepsis in the Dental Office Lab	p. 166
Disposal of Laboratory Waste Materials	p. 167
Chapter 11 Infection Control in Dental Radiography	p. 171
Infection Control Awareness in Dental Radiography	p. 172
Prior to Exposing Radiographs	p. 172
ADA Infection Control Recommendations for X-Ray Equipment and Films	p. 173
Procedure Into Practice: Placing and Removing Protective Surface Barriers in the Radiographic Operatory	p. 173
Procedure Into Practice: Infection Control Procedures for the Radiography Operatory	p. 174
Handling the X-Ray Film Packet	p. 175
Disinfection of Intraoral Film Packets	p. 175
Procedure Into Practice: Infection Control Procedures for the Darkroom	p. 177
Procedure Into Practice: Infection Control Procedures While Using a Daylight Loader	p. 177
Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Infection Control Methods for Exposing Dental Radiographs	p. 178
Waste Management of Radiographic Chemistry	p. 180
Section IV Environmental Health and Safety (Hazard Communication) in the Dental Office	p. 183
Chapter 12 Hazard Communication	p. 185
Hazard Communication Program	p. 186
Physical and Chemical Hazards in the Dental Office	p. 187
Product Warning Labels and Stickers	p. 187
Biological Hazards in the Dental Office	p. 194
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard	p. 195
New OSHA Compliance Directive	p. 201
Chapter 13 Waterline Biofilms	p. 211
What Are Biofilms?	p. 212
Conditions That Facilitate Biofilm Formation in Waterlines	p. 212
Stages of Biofilm Formation in Waterlines	p. 214
What Is the Quality of Drinking Water?	p. 215
Recommendations for Dental Unit Waterline Biofilm Reduction	p. 215
Procedure Into Practice: Reduction of Waterline Biofilms	p. 215
Solutions to Reduce Waterline Biofilms	p. 216
Procedure Into Practice: Steps for Weekly Waterline Asepsis	p. 217
Equipment Manufacturers Make Modifications	p. 218
Independent Water Reservoirs versus Filters	p. 219
Boil-Water Advisory Procedures	p. 220
Chapter 14 Occupational Environmental Hazards	p. 225
Health Hazards of Concern to the Dental Assistant	p. 226
Mercury	p. 226
Radiation	p. 226
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for Handling Mercury	p. 227
Procedure Into Practice: Recommended Guidelines for Cleaning Up a Mercury Spill	p. 228
Caustic Agents and Other Hazardous Chemicals	p. 230
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for Protection When Working with Glutaraldehyde	p. 231
Gases: Nitrous Oxide, Oxygen, and Ethylene Oxide	p. 232
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines to Reduce Exposure During Conscious Sedation Administration of Nitrous Oxide	p. 233
Procedure Into Practice: Safety Precautions for Oxygen Use	p. 235
Bioaerosols	p. 235
Procedure Into Practice: Reducing Bioaerosols in the Dental Office	p. 236
Latex Allergies	p. 236
White Visible Light and Dental Lasers	p. 239
Bonding Materials and Acrylics	p. 240
Hazardous Noise Levels	p. 240
Procedure Into Practice: Guidelines for Preventing Injury Caused	p. 241
Procedure Into Practice: Precautions for Preventing Occupational NIHL	p. 241
Repetitive Motion Injury and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	p. 242
Chapter 15 Office Emergency Procedures	p. 247
General Office Safety	p. 248
Fire Safety and Emergency Evacuation	p. 248
Natural Disaster Preparedness	p. 250
Procedure Into Practice: How to Use a Fire Extinguisher	p. 251
Bomb Threats and Violence in the Workplace	p. 252
Signage Requirements	p. 253
First-Aid and Emergency Kits	p. 254
Procedure Into Practice: Emergency Administration of Oxygen	p. 255
Section V Office Communications Regarding Infection Control	p. 259
Chapter 16 Marketing Infection Control	p. 261
The Need to Market Infection Control	p. 262
Front Office Marketing	p. 263
Educating Patients about Infectious Diseases	p. 266
The Importance of an AIDS Treatment Policy	p. 268
Chairside Marketing	p. 268
Bibliography	p. 273
Appendix A DANB Infection Control Task Analysis (ICE) Requirements Cross-Referenced by Chapter	p. 279
Appendix B Summary of OSHA's Bloodborne/Hazardous Materials Standard	p. 285

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