Applied pharmacology for the dental hygienist

Provides up-to-date, accurate information on some of the most important topics for dental hygiene students, including antineoplastic drugs, respiratory and gastrointestinal drugs, hormones, and drugs used to treat common oral entities. The book is organized into four sections that deal with the basic principles of pharmacology, drugs grouped by class, mainteinance drugs, emergency drugs and what effects pregnancy and breast feeding have on dental treatment, drug interactions, and drug abuse. Numerous tables and colorful graphics are included.

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Doody's Book Review

This book is a compilation of current information available from the field of pharmacology as it impacts on the management of patients by the dental hygienist. The purpose is to educate dental hygienists in a manner which prepares them to manage patients who may be taking a wide variety of medications. It is intended for training dental hygiene students as well as to serve as a useful reference for practicing dental hygienists. The contents include two-color charts, current reference material, and flow charts. These are easy-to-use reference sources to quickly assess patient medications and their impact on planned dental care. Keeping up with changes in pharmacology is imperative for the safe and effective practice of dental medicine. This text serves to better define the indications for pre-medication and drug interactions relative to dental hygiene treatment. The reference section is extremely useful to support clinical decision making. It should also prove to be very useful in th e arena of teaching, continuing education, in-service, and training lectures. Finally this book will be of value when patients pose questions regarding the medications they are taking. The author has done an excellent job of addressing these issues through this text. Michael F. Gewerth, RDH(University of Chicago Medical Center). Copyright 2001, Doody Publishing

Section 1 General Principles	p. 1
1 Information, Sources, and Regulatory Agencies	p. 3
History	p. 4
Pharmacology and the Oral Health Care Providers	p. 4
Sources of Information	p. 6
Drug Names	p. 9
Federal Regulatory Agencies	p. 13
Review Questions	p. 13
2 Drug Action and Handling	p. 15
Characterization of Drug Action	p. 16
Mechanism of Action of Drugs	p. 19
Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms	p. 28
Pharmacokinetics	p. 32
Factors That Alter Drug Effects	p. 46
Calculation of Children's Dosage	p. 48
Review Questions	p. 49
3 Adverse Reactions	p. 51
Definitions and Classifications	p. 52
Clinical Manifestations of Adverse Reactions	p. 53
Toxicologic Evaluation of Drugs	p. 56
Review Questions	p. 58
4 Prescription Writing	p. 61
Measurement	p. 62
Prescriptions	p. 64
Drug Legislation	p. 70
Review Questions	p. 72
Section 2 Drugs Used in Dentistry	p. 73
5 Autonomic Drugs	p. 75
Autonomic Nervous System	p. 76
Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (PANS)	p. 84
Sympathetic Nervous System	p. 91
Review Questions	p. 100
6 Nonopioid (Nonnarcotic) Analgesics	p. 103
Pain	p. 104
Classification	p. 105
Salicylates	p. 106
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents (NSAIAS) or Drugs (NSAIDS)	p. 116
Acetaminophen	p. 123
Drugs Used to Treat Gout	p. 125
Review Questions	p. 126
7 Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics and Antagonists	p. 129
History	p. 129
Terminology	p. 130
Classification	p. 130
Mechanism of Action	p. 130
Pharmacokinetics	p. 131
Pharmacologic Effects	p. 134
Adverse Reactions	p. 135
Specific Opioids	p. 138
Dental Use of Opioids	p. 144
Review Questions	p. 145
8 Antiinfective Agents	p. 147
Dental Infection "Evolution,"	p. 150
History	p. 151
Definitions	p. 152
Culture and Sensitivity	p. 154
Indications for Antimicrobial Agents	p. 156
General Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiinfective Agents	p. 158
Penicillins	p. 160
Macrolides	p. 167
Tetracyclines	p. 170
Clindamycin	p. 174
Metronidazole	p. 176
Cephalosporins	p. 178
Antimicrobial Agents for Nondental Use	p. 182
Antituberculosis Agents	p. 186
Topical Antibiotics	p. 189
Dentistry	p. 190
Review Questions	p. 195
9 Antifungal and Antiviral Agents	p. 197
Antifungal Agents	p. 197
Antiviral Agents	p. 205
Review Questions	p. 211
10 Local Anesthetics	p. 213
History	p. 214
Ideal Local Anesthetic	p. 214
Chemistry	p. 215
Mechanism of Action	p. 215
Pharmacokinetics	p. 218
Pharmacologic Effects	p. 219
Adverse Reactions	p. 220
Composition of Local Anesthetic Solutions	p. 222
Local Anesthetic Agents	p. 223
Vasoconstrictors	p. 226
Choice of Local Anesthetic	p. 230
Topical Anesthetics	p. 233
Dosages of Local Anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor	p. 234
Review Questions	p. 235
11 Antianxiety Agents	p. 237
Definitions	p. 240
Benzodiazepines	p. 241
Barbiturates	p. 251
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics	p. 254
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants	p. 256
Miscellaneous Agents	p. 257
General Comments about Antianxiety Agents	p. 258
Review Questions	p. 259
12 General Anesthetics	p. 261
History	p. 262
Mechanism of Action	p. 262
Adverse Reactions	p. 265
General Anesthetics	p. 265
Balanced General Anesthesia	p. 276
Review Questions	p. 276
13 Vitamins and Minerals	p. 277
Measurement of Vitamin Needs	p. 278
Fallacious Reasoning about Vitamins	p. 279
Water-Soluble Vitamins	p. 280
Fat-Soluble Vitamins	p. 291
Selected Minerals	p. 297
Drug-Induced Vitamin Deficiencies	p. 300
Review Questions	p. 301
14 Oral Conditions and Their Treatment	p. 303
Infectious Lesions	p. 304
Immune Reactions	p. 308
Miscellaneous Oral Conditions	p. 310
Inflammation	p. 311
Drug-induced Oral Side Effects	p. 312
Common Agents Used to Treat Oral Lesions	p. 316
Section 3 Drugs That May Alter Dental Treatment	p. 319
15 Cardiovascular Drugs	p. 321
Dental Implications of Cardiovascular Disease	p. 322
Cardiac Glycosides	p. 324
Antiarrhythmic Agents	p. 327
Antianginal Drugs	p. 333
Antihypertensive Agents	p. 337
Antihyperlipidemic Agents	p. 355
Drugs That Affect Blood Coagulation	p. 358
Review Questions	p. 364
16 Anticonvulsants	p. 365
Epilepsy	p. 365
Drug Therapy of Patients with Epilepsy	p. 368
Dental Treatment of the Patient with Epilepsy	p. 375
Review Questions	p. 376
17 Psychotherapeutic Agents	p. 379
Psychiatric Disorders	p. 380
Antipsychotic Agents	p. 382
Antidepressant Agents	p. 388
Drugs for Treatment of Bipolar Depression	p. 393
18 Autacoids and Antihistamines	p. 395
Histamine	p. 396
Antihistamines (H1-Receptor Antagonists)	p. 397
Peripheral (Nonsedating) H1-Receptor Antagonists	p. 401
Other Autacoids	p. 402
Review Questions	p. 405
19 Adrenocorticosteroids	p. 407
Mechanism of Release	p. 408
Classification	p. 408
Definitions	p. 409
Routes of Administration	p. 409
Mechanism of Action	p. 409
Pharmacologic Effects	p. 410
Adverse Reactions	p. 410
Uses	p. 411
Corticosteroid Products	p. 413
Dental Implications	p. 413
Review Questions	p. 417
20 Other Hormones	p. 419
Pituitary Hormones	p. 420
Thyroid Hormones	p. 422
Pancreatic Hormones	p. 424
Female Sex Hormones	p. 436
Male Sex Hormones	p. 440
Other Agents That Affect Sex Hormone Systems	p. 441
Review Questions	p. 442
21 Antineoplastic Drugs	p. 445
Use of Antineoplastic Agents	p. 446
Mechanisms of Action	p. 447
Classification	p. 448
Adverse Drug Effects	p. 450
Review Questions	p. 453
22 Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Drugs	p. 455
Respiratory Drugs	p. 456
Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases	p. 458
Gastrointestinal Drugs	p. 465
Drugs Used to Treat Gastrointestinal Diseases	p. 466
Review Questions	p. 472
Section 4 Special Situations	p. 473
23 Emergency Drugs	p. 475
General Measures	p. 476
Categories of Emergencies	p. 477
Emergency Kit for the Dental Office	p. 481
Review Questions	p. 484
24 Pregnancy and Breast Feeding	p. 487
General Principles	p. 488
Pregnancy	p. 488
Breast Feeding	p. 489
Dental Drugs	p. 491
Review Questions	p. 496
25 Drug Interactions	p. 499
Mechanisms of Interactions	p. 500
Dental Drug Interactions	p. 502
Summary	p. 509
Review Questions	p. 509
26 Drug Abuse	p. 511
General Considerations	p. 513
Central Nervous System Depressants	p. 516
Central Nervous System Stimulants	p. 524
Psychedelics (Hallucinogens)	p. 527
Review Questions	p. 528
Appendixes	p. 531
Appendix A Top 200 Drugs	p. 533
Appendix B The Latest Drugs on the Market	p. 541
Appendix C Commonly Prescribed Dental Drugs	p. 545
Appendix D Medical Acronyms	p. 557
Appendix E Medical Terminology	p. 561
Appendix F Internet Searches	p. 563
Appendix G What If...?	p. 567
Appendix H Oral Manifestations--Xerostomia and Taste Changes	p. 575
Appendix I Altered Pharmacokinetics	p. 579
Appendix J Natural/Herbal Products	p. 581
Glossary	p. 587

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